The Influence of an Epigenetics Diet on the Cancer Epigenome

Lewis, Kayla A.; Tollefsbol, Trygve O.

doi:10.2217/epi-2017-0077

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Most phytochemicals are required in high doses to be effective; these doses are often not achievable through diet alone. In general, all types of cancer cells exhibit aberrant gene expression due to mutations in the epigenome because of epigenetic modifications involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and survival [29]. Hence, the epigenetic diet was introduced as a chemo-preventive approach related to delineating the efficacy of dietary bioactive compounds and their effect on modulating the epigenome [29].…”

Section: Complementary and Alternative Medicine (Cam) And Role In Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Power of Phytochemicals Combination in Cancer Chemoprevention

Rizeq¹,

Gupta²,

Ilesanmi³

et al. 2020

J. Cancer

120

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Conventional therapies for cancer treatment have posed many challenges, including toxicity, multidrug resistance and economic expenses. In contrast, complementary alternative medicine (CAM), employing phytochemicals have recently received increased attention owing to their capability to modulate a myriad of molecular mechanisms with a less toxic effect. Increasing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that phytochemicals can favorably modulate several signaling pathways involved in cancer development and progression. Combinations of phytochemicals promote cell death, inhibit cell proliferation and invasion, sensitize cancerous cells, and boost the immune system, thus making them striking alternatives in cancer therapy. We previously investigated the effect of six phytochemicals (Indol-3-Carbinol, Resveratrol, C-phycocyanin, Isoflavone, Curcumin and Quercetin), at their bioavailable levels on breast cancer cell lines and were compared to primary cell lines over a period of 6 days. This study showed the compounds had a synergestic effect in inhibiting cell proliferation, reducing cellular migration and invasion, inducing both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Despite the vast number of basic science and preclinical cancer studies involving phytochemicals, the number of CAM clinical trials in cancer treatment still remains nascent. In this review, we summarize findings from preclinical and clinical studies, including our work involving use of phytochemicals, individually as well as in combination and further discuss the potential of these phytochemicals to pave way to integrate CAM in primary health care.

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Section: Complementary and Alternative Medicine (Cam) And Role In Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Power of Phytochemicals Combination in Cancer Chemoprevention

Rizeq¹,

Gupta²,

Ilesanmi³

et al. 2020

J. Cancer

120

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“…Epigenetic modification is vital in natural development which has frequent changes during tumor occurrence [9]. Many reports reveal that 5hmC deficiency of many cancers plays an important part in pathogenesis [19][20][21][22][23][24]. Latest research also pays attention to the major effect of 5hmC on HCC proliferation which is pathophysiologically and clinically significant to HCC patients [25][26][27], whereas SHCC is the sole friction of the group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global DNA 5hmC and CK195hmC+ Contents: A Promising Biomarker for Predicting Prognosis in Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021

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Background: 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) with dynamic existence possesses multiple regulatory functions. Whereas, 5hmC’s impact on small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) remains unclear. The present work focused on characterizing 5hmC content within SHCC and assessing the possibility of using global genomic 5hmC level as the predicative factor of clinical outcome. Methods: This study applied ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in measuring 5mC, 5fC and 5hmC contents. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was adopted to measure CK19 and 5hmC contents. Results: Research showed 5mC, 5hmC, and 5fC contents from global genomics of SHCC reduced extensively compared with healthy samples (p < 0.001). Moreover, SHCC was associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM). Greater 5mC and 5hmC levels were observed in non-metastasis group compared with the metastasis group (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis between the HBV DNA level and 5mC, 5fC and 5hmC levels exhibited that HBV DNA was associated with 5mC, 5hmC, and 5fC content reduction, which was verified in the cytological experiments. Moreover, 5hmC content had a negative correlation with the expression level of CK19 in SHCC. The decrease in 5hmC and CK19 containing 5hmC positive cell (called CK195hmC+) should be ascribed to the bad prognosis among SHCC patients. Conclusions: The contents of 5hmC and CK195hmC+ of genomic DNA might be adopted for predicting SHCC survival as an important biomarker.

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“…Several foods and bioactive nutrients modify the epigenome 65,66 . However, epidemiological studies have mostly generated conflicting findings regarding the efficacy of any of these foods or nutrients in breast cancer prevention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversal of increased mammary tumorigenesis by valproic acid and hydralazine in offspring of dams fed high fat diet during pregnancy

Andrade¹,

Nguyen²,

Wärri³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Maternal or paternal high fat (HF) diet can modify the epigenome in germ cells and fetal somatic cells leading to an increased susceptibility among female offspring of multiple generations to develop breast cancer. We determined if combined treatment with broad spectrum DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor hydralazine and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) will reverse this increased risk. C57BL/6 mouse dams were fed either a corn oil-based HF or control diet during pregnancy. Starting at age 7 weeks, female offspring were administered 3 doses of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) to initiate mammary cancer. After last dose, offspring started receiving VPA/hydralazine administered via drinking water: no adverse health effects were detected. VPA/hydralazine reduced mammary tumor multiplicity and lengthened tumor latency in HF offspring when compared with non-treated HF offspring. The drug combination inhibited DNMT3a protein levels and increased expression of the tumor suppressor gene Cdkn2a/p16 in mammary tumors of HF offspring. In control mice not exposed to HF diet in utero, VPA/hydralazine increased mammary tumor incidence and burden, and elevated expression of the unfolded protein response and autophagy genes, including HIF-1α, NFkB, PERK, and SQSTM1/p62. Expression of these genes was already upregulated in HF offspring prior to VPA/hydralazine treatment. These findings suggest that breast cancer prevention strategies with HDAC/DNMT inhibitors need to be individually tailored.

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The Influence of an Epigenetics Diet on the Cancer Epigenome

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

The Power of Phytochemicals Combination in Cancer Chemoprevention

The Power of Phytochemicals Combination in Cancer Chemoprevention

Global DNA 5hmC and CK195hmC+ Contents: A Promising Biomarker for Predicting Prognosis in Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Reversal of increased mammary tumorigenesis by valproic acid and hydralazine in offspring of dams fed high fat diet during pregnancy

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