The influence of amylose content on the modification of starches by glycogen branching enzymes

Gaenssle, Aline L.O.; Maarel, Marc J. E. C. van der; Jurak, Edita

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133294

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…TkGBE57 Compared to all three GH57 GBEs, both the branching and non-branching activity of EcGBE13 on MD18 is significantly higher. This corresponds with previous research indicating a higher activity for most GH13 GBEs compared to GH57 GBEs [29,[36][37][38].…”

Section: Tmgbe57supporting

confidence: 92%

“…The enzymatic activity of selected and purified GBEs was verified on amylose using two different assays: the iodine assay and the reducing end assay. The iodine assay is a relatively fast and easy method for detecting the activity of glycogen branching enzymes, based on the decrease in long linear chains [25,[34][35][36][37]. However, the iodine assay does not detect the alpha-1,4-transferase activity of GH13 GBEs, which results in the creation of longer chains [25].…”

Section: Definition Of Activity For Glycogen Branching Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alpha-1,4-transglycosylation Activity of GH57 Glycogen Branching Enzymes Is Higher in the Absence of a Flexible Loop with a Conserved Tyrosine Residue

2023

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Starch-like polymers can be created through the use of enzymatic modification with glycogen branching enzymes (GBEs). GBEs are categorized in the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 13 and 57. Both GH13 and GH57 GBEs exhibit branching and hydrolytic activity. While GH13 GBEs are also capable of α-1,4-transglycosylation, it is yet unknown whether GH57 share this capability. Among the four crystal structures of GH57 GBEs that have been solved, a flexible loop with a conserved tyrosine was identified to play a role in the branching activity. However, it remains unclear whether this flexible loop is also involved in α-1,4-transglycosylation activity. We hypothesize that GH57 GBEs with the flexible loop and tyrosine are also capable of α-1,4-transglycosylation, similar to GH13 GBEs. The aim of the present study was to characterize the activity of GH57 GBEs to investigate a possible α-1,4-transglycosylation activity. Three GH57 GBEs were selected, one from Thermococcus kodakarensis with the flexible loop and two beta-strands; one from Thermotoga maritima, missing the flexible loop and beta-strands; and one from Meiothermus sp., missing the flexible loop but with the two beta-strands. The analysis of chain length distribution over time of modified maltooctadecaose, revealed, for the first time, that all three GH57 GBEs can generate chains longer than the substrate itself, showing that α-1,4-transglycosylation activity is generally present in GH57 GBEs.

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Section: Tmgbe57supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Definition Of Activity For Glycogen Branching Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-1,4-transglycosylation Activity of GH57 Glycogen Branching Enzymes Is Higher in the Absence of a Flexible Loop with a Conserved Tyrosine Residue

2023

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“…The quality of crop products is directly related to the edibility and economic value of a crop. The amylose content (AC) is a critical determinant of the edible and culinary quality (ECQ) of rice [85,86]. Specifically, Xian (indica) and Geng (japonica), both of which are commonly consumed, comprise 10% to 20% straight-chain starch [87,88].…”

Section: Improving Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications and Prospects of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Base Editing in Plant Breeding

Liang

Deng

et al. 2023

CIMB

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The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 system (Cas9) has been used at length to optimize multiple aspects of germplasm resources. However, large-scale genomic research has indicated that novel variations in crop plants are attributed to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Therefore, substituting single bases into a plant genome may produce desirable traits. Gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9 techniques frequently results in insertions–deletions (indels). Base editing allows precise single-nucleotide changes in the genome in the absence of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and donor repair templates (DRTs). Therefore, BEs have provided a new way of thinking about genome editing, and base editing techniques are currently being utilized to edit the genomes of many different organisms. As traditional breeding techniques and modern molecular breeding technologies complement each other, various genome editing technologies have emerged. How to realize the greater potential of BE applications is the question we need to consider. Here, we explain various base editings such as CBEs, ABEs, and CGBEs. In addition, the latest applications of base editing technologies in agriculture are summarized, including crop yield, quality, disease, and herbicide resistance. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of base editing technologies are presented. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of BE in crop breeding to further improve BE and make the most of its value.

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Enzymatically Modified Starch

Madhumita,

Nayak,

Nandi

2024

Methods and Protocols in Food Science

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The influence of amylose content on the modification of starches by glycogen branching enzymes

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Alpha-1,4-transglycosylation Activity of GH57 Glycogen Branching Enzymes Is Higher in the Absence of a Flexible Loop with a Conserved Tyrosine Residue

Alpha-1,4-transglycosylation Activity of GH57 Glycogen Branching Enzymes Is Higher in the Absence of a Flexible Loop with a Conserved Tyrosine Residue

Applications and Prospects of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Base Editing in Plant Breeding

Enzymatically Modified Starch

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