The influence of ammonia on the oxygen delivery system of coho salmon hemoglobin

Sousa, Robert J.; Meade, Thomas L.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(77)90007-x

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Increases in the ventilation frequency of fish after exposure to NH3 have been reported by Flis (1968b), Smart (1975Smart ( , 1978, Sousa & Meade (1977), Hillaby & Randall (1979), and Klontz et al (1985). Smart (1978) also reported that the increase in the ventilation frequency was accompanied by increases in the ventilation volume and the amount of oxygen consumed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Experimental investigations on the toxicity of ammonia: effects on ventilation frequency, growth, epidermal mucous cells, and gill structure of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

Lang¹,

Peters²,

Hoffmann³

et al. 1987

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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ABSTRACT. Juvenile rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Rich. were experimentally exposed to 0.25 mg I-' of NH3 for 4 wk. This concentration lies between those causing acutely lethal and sublethal effects. At first, significant effects from the ammonia were recorded: greatly increased ventilation frequency, reduced food intake and an associated decrease in weight gain. Subsequently, the fish adapted considerably to the toxicant. Ventilation frequency decreased, although it remained above that of controls. Food was taken up completely and there was only a minor difference in growth between exposed trout and unexposed controls. No change from exposure to the pollutant could be detected in the number of mucous cells in the epidermis. Examination of the gill structure at the end of the expenment revealed only a slight, but significant, tissue proliferation. Unexpectedly, the comparatively high ammonia concentration produced few chronic effects. Nevertheless, results indicate that the wellbeing of the experimental fish was disturbed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Experimental investigations on the toxicity of ammonia: effects on ventilation frequency, growth, epidermal mucous cells, and gill structure of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

Lang¹,

Peters²,

Hoffmann³

et al. 1987

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Oxygen consumption in starved fish was independent from ambient ammonia, showing that acclimated fish did not use additional energy to counter-balance the internal ammonia level. Oxygen consumption increases have mostly been reported to be shortterm adjustments linked to increased ventilation frequency (Sousa and Meade, 1977). Endogenous urea excretion was not significantly affected by ammonia in the range of concentrations tested.…”

Section: Effect Of Ammonia On Acclimated Fish (Period 1 Day 19-61 Anmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Plasma glucose was also independent from ammonia concentrations. Ammonia is reported to increase glycolysis rate (Sousa and Meade, 1977;Fivelstad et al, 1995) at high levels (more than 20 mg l -1 TA-N). This mechanism was probably not induced at the ammonia concentrations tested in this study, or was active only during the first days of exposure.…”

Section: Effect Of Ammonia On Acclimated Fish (Period 1 Day 19-61 Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnitude and duration of the decreases in VFI (Table 4) that occurred during the initial 19 days at the three highest ambient ammonia concentrations were dependent on ammonia levels. Although the reasons for such a short term feeding and/or metabolic adaptation observed in many fish species in response to any environmental stressor remains unclear, two explanations can be put forward: functional alterations of the central nervous system (Daoust and Ferguson, 1984;Hermenegildo et al, 2000;Montfort et al, 2000) and lowering of oxygen availability to fish tissues despite the fact that there is no restriction of oxygen in water (Sousa and Meade, 1977). Both are likely to have an influence, but neurological disturbances are mostly reported to occur at high ammonia concentrations in plasma and other tissues (Mommsen and Walsh, 1992;Hermenegildo et al, 2000).…”

Section: Effect Of Ammonia On Un-acclimated Fish (Period 1 Day 0-19)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of chronic exposure to ammonia on growth, food utilisation and metabolism of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Dosdat

2003

Aquatic Living Resources

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The chronic effects of exposing sea bass (average initial weight 100 g) to ammonia in water at 22°C were first evaluated over a 61-day period (period 1, P1) during which nine different groups were submitted to nine ambient ammonia levels ranging from 0.014 to 0.493 mg l -1 NH 3 -N (0.53-16.11 mg l -1 total ammonia nitrogen (TA-N)) and fed using self-feeders. At the end of P1, the fish were starved for 10 days (P2). Their recovery capacity was tested over 43 days (P3) after which the exogenous ammonia supply was stopped in all treatments and the fish were allowed to feed. After 20 days of exposure a highly significant effect of ammonia was evident from the decrease in feeding activity, voluntary feed intake (VFI) and specific growth rate (SGR), and the increase in the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Ammonia exposure had no effect on circadian feeding rhythm or hourly actuation profiles. At the end of P1, the fish seemed to have adapted to all ambient ammonia concentrations tested since feeding and growth parameters were independent of ammonia levels. But they were unable to compensate for growth losses. Physiological adjustments were observed: plasma TA-N concentrations were positively related to ambient TA-N while there was no major disturbance in plasma urea. Plasma tri-iodo-thyronine concentrations were affected by ambient ammonia concentrations and there were no significant changes in hydromineral balance. During P2, oxygen consumption and urea excretion did appear to have been affected by ambient ammonia. When the exogenous supply of ammonia was stopped (P3), fish exhibited hyperphagia and compensatory growth. In fish previously exposed to the highest ammonia levels, SGR and VFI were highest, and their FCR was improved. At the end of the experiment the final average weights were similar in all of the treatments (range 337-396 g). Depending on the concentrations used, ammonia exposure may enhance subsequent fish appetite and growth rate and have a similar effect on growth performances as restricting feeding level. Within the range tested, no detrimental effect of ammonia on the metabolic capacity of the fish, measured by oxygen consumption and urea excretion, or on their physiological status was recorded, and the fish had a good recovery capacity. In the conditions of the experiment, the non-observable effect concentration (NOEC) was 6 mg l -1 .

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“…Exposiciones por debajo de los niveles tóxicos de amoníaco causan degeneración de la piel, daños en las branquias y los riñones (Tomasso et al, 1980), y reducción en la capacidad de transporte de hemoglobina (Sousa & Meade, 1977). El amoníaco en su forma ionizada, y no ionizada, retardan el crecimiento y causan cambios histopatológicos en diferentes órganos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

EFECTO DEL AMONÍACO SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO DE LA GAMITANA Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818)

Ismiño-Orbe

Araújo-Lima

2006

Folia Amaz

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RESUMENEl efecto de la concentración de amoníaco sobre el crecimiento fue probado usando soluciones acuosas con concentraciones de 0.002 (control), 0.07 y 0.46 mg/l de NH 3 y un control. Los peces fueron mantenidos en tanques de 500 litros con estas soluciones por un período de 2 meses. No se observaron efectos significativos del amoníaco sobre el crecimiento de la gamitana en este período. Se concluye que la gamitana es una especie muy tolerante y que puede ser mantenida en concentraciones de amoníaco de 0.46 mg/l sin comprometer su crecimiento. Palabras claves: Amoníaco, crecimiento, Colossoma macropomum ABSTRACTThe effect of ammonia concentration on the growth rate was tested at three levels: 0.002 (control); 0.07; 0.46 mg/l NH 3 . Fish were kept in 500 liter tanks with experimental water solution for 2 months. There was no effect of ammonia concentration up to 0.46 mg/l NH 3 on the growth rate of Colossoma macropomum.

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The influence of ammonia on the oxygen delivery system of coho salmon hemoglobin

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

Experimental investigations on the toxicity of ammonia: effects on ventilation frequency, growth, epidermal mucous cells, and gill structure of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

Experimental investigations on the toxicity of ammonia: effects on ventilation frequency, growth, epidermal mucous cells, and gill structure of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

Effect of chronic exposure to ammonia on growth, food utilisation and metabolism of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

EFECTO DEL AMONÍACO SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO DE LA GAMITANA Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818)

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