The influence of aluminium deoxidation and sulphur content on oxide modification and machinability of steel

Hong, Zhou; Wu, Xiaochun; Cui, Kun

doi:10.1002/srin.199501090

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…In the present study, the activity of metallic element such as silicon and titanium was calculated based on the following classical Wagner formalism using the first-and secondorder interaction parameters, which are listed in Table 3. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] . (4) where f M , e and r is, respectively, the Henrian activity coefficient of element M, and the first-and second-order interaction parameters between each element.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of Titanium Oxide in CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgOsatd–CaF2 Slag Equilibrated with Fe–11mass%Cr Melt

et al. 2009

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of Titanium Oxide in CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgOsatd–CaF2 Slag Equilibrated with Fe–11mass%Cr Melt

et al. 2009

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“…The specific description and details regarding the associate model and parameters are found in the recent [21] 0.056 0.035 [22] 0.043 0.016 [23] -0.30 [12] -1.98 [18] (39.82) Ti 0.029 [24] -0.025 [25] -0.043 0.024 [23] 0.042 -1.27 [12] * -1.62 [26] (-0.36) Si -0.021 [19] 0.10 -0.007* 0.058 -0.013* -0.11* -0.12 Mg 0.022 [12] -0.096 [12] --0.27 [12] -0.64 [12] -560 [27] (145,000) O -0.032 [28] -0.066 -0.037 [29] -1.17 [18] (-0.010) -0.54 [26] (0.039) -370 [27] Mi : [45] . (Table II).…”

Section: Compound) ''Ftoxid'' (Fact Oxide) and ''Fsstel'' (Factsagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12,18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] log f M ¼ X where f M , e, and r are, respectively, the Henrian activity coefficient of element M, and the first-and second-order interaction parameters between each element. In Figure 2, the activities of oxygen calculated from the Table II.…”

Section: A Thermodynamics Of Deoxidation and Inclusion Composition Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of the Formation of MgO-Al2O3-TiO x Inclusions in Ti-Stabilized 11Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel

Park

Lee

Gaye

2008

Metall Mater Trans B

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The equilibration between CaO-SiO 2 -MgO-Al 2 O 3 -CaF 2 (-TiO 2 ) slag and Fe-11 mass pct Cr ferritic stainless steel melts was investigated at 1873 K in order to clarify the effect of Al and Ti addition as well as that of slag composition on the formation of complex oxide inclusions. The activity of oxygen calculated from the classical Wagner formalism changes from about a O = 0.0002 to 0.001 and the values of a O from [Al]/(Al 2 O 3 ) and that from [Si]/(SiO 2 ) equilibria are in relatively good agreement with each other with some scatters. The phase stability diagram of the inclusions and the equilibrium iso- [O] lines in the Fe-11 mass pct Cr-0.5 mass pct Si-0.3 mass pct Mn-0.0005 mass pct Mg steel melts was constructed by using FACTSAGE 5.5 program as a function of Al and Ti contents. The computed iso-[O] lines were slightly larger than the values estimated from the slag-metal equilibria. The composition of the inclusions could be plotted on the computed MgO-Al 2 O 3 -TiO x phase diagram. The inclusions in the steel melts equilibrated with the basic slags are located in the ''spinel + liquid'' region, while those in equilibrium with the less basic slags are mostly in the ''liquid'' single phase. This is in good accordance to the observed morphology of the inclusions. However, in cases of high concentration of Ti and Al, the inclusions were found to be spinel + liquid, even though the less basic slags are equilibrated. When plotted on logarithmic scales, the mole ratio X MgO Â X Al 2 O 3 X Ti 2 O 3 À Á of the inclusions (spinel potential) was expressed as a linear function of a Mg Â a 2 Al Â a O a 2 Ti Ä Å of the steel melts with a slope of unity theoretically expected. Also, the spinel potential is very low and nearly constant when the activity of Al 2 O 3 is less than that of TiO 2 in the slag saturated by MgO, whereas it linearly increases by increasing the log a Al 2 O 3 =a TiO 2 ð Þat X Al 2 O 3 =X TiO 2 ð Þ >1.

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“…The calculated values of e j i in Fe-36%Ni for i and j as O, Mn, Si, Al and C are presented in Table 1 along with the ones used in iron [7][8][9][10] and nickel [1,2,[11][12][13] as the input data. Because the interaction parameters in nickel are known only for few elements, one can not calculate all the parameters in Fe-36%Ni, as it is seen in Table 1.…”

Section: Description Of Calculation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Equilibrium Composition of MnO-SiO2 and Al2O3-MnO-SiO2 Inclusions in Liquid Fe and Fe-36%Ni Alloy During Cooling

Jerzak¹,

Kalicka²

2012

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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Evolution of chemical composition of inclusions for Fe-36%Ni melt on cooling was simulated on the basis of theoretical analysis. The equilibrium states for deoxidization reactions using manganese, silicon and aluminum were found by using the subregular solution thermodynamic model, including the interaction parameters and the activity coefficients for O, Mn, Si i Al at infinite dilution in iron and nickel. The equilibrium compositions of the inclusions when cooling the melt were computed for Fe-36%Ni for the temperatures from 1873K to 1773K. For comparison, the same analysis was made for pure iron melt. The obtained results indicate different behavior of the inclusions for those melts. For Fe-36%Ni, either MnO-SiO 2 inclusions or Al 2 O 3 -MnO-SiO 2 ones always increase substantially in MnO content on cooling. When Al 2 O 3 content goes up, the effect gets weaker. As to the pure iron melt, the inclusions behave more differently, i.e., the MnO content may go up, go down or stay constant depending on the initial inclusion composition. Despite of the fact that Al 2 O 3 -MnO-SiO 2 inclusions fluctuate significantly as to their compositions for Fe-36%Ni melt, it seems however, that it would be easier for this melt -in comparison to pure iron one -to forecast such a chemical target composition which would allow to achieve the desired composition of the inclusions left within the residual melt after metal cooling from 1873K to 1773 K.Keywords: Fe-Ni melt, deoxidization, liquid inclusions, cooling, thermodynamics Przeprowadzono teoretyczną symulację zmiany składu wtrąceń w stopie Fe-36%Ni podczas chłodzenia. Stałe równo-wagi reakcji odtleniania manganem, krzemem i glinem obliczono zakładając model subregularny i wykorzystując parametry oddziaływania oraz współczynniki aktywności O, Mn, Si i Al w nieskończonym rozcieńczeniu w żelazie i niklu. Obliczono równowagowe składy wtrąceń w procesie chłodzenia Fe-36%Ni od 1873K do 1773K. Porównawczo wykonano taką samą analizę dla żelaza. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że wtrącenia zachowują się różnie w obu metalach. W stopie Fe-36%Ni, zarówno wtrącenia MnO-SiO 2 jak i Al 2 O 3 -MnO-SiO 2 zawsze wzbogacają się w znacznym stopniu w MnO gdy temperatura spada. Zwiększenie zawartości Al 2 O 3 osłabia ten efekt. Wtrącenia w żelazie zachowują się bardziej różnorodnie -ułamek molowy MnO może zwiększać się, zmniejszać lub pozostawać stały, zależnie od początkowego składu wtrącenia. Mimo, że wtrącenia Al 2 O 3 -MnO-SiO 2 ulegają znacznym zmianom w stopie Fe-36%Ni, to wydaje się, że prognozowanie takiego składu wtrąceń w 1873K aby po ochłodzeniu metalu i wypłynięciu części z nich, pozostałe wtrącenia miały pożądany skład, może być łatwiejsze w Fe-36%Ni niż w żelazie.

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The influence of aluminium deoxidation and sulphur content on oxide modification and machinability of steel

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

Thermodynamics of Titanium Oxide in CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgOsatd–CaF2 Slag Equilibrated with Fe–11mass%Cr Melt

Thermodynamics of Titanium Oxide in CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgOsatd–CaF2 Slag Equilibrated with Fe–11mass%Cr Melt

Thermodynamics of the Formation of MgO-Al2O3-TiO x Inclusions in Ti-Stabilized 11Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel

Evolution of Equilibrium Composition of MnO-SiO2 and Al2O3-MnO-SiO2 Inclusions in Liquid Fe and Fe-36%Ni Alloy During Cooling

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