The influence of altered functional loading and posterior bite-blocks on the periodontal ligament space and alveolar bone thickness in rats

Abstract

Young rats wearing posterior bite-blocks have narrower PDL space and thinner alveolar bone compared to controls. When fed a soft diet, the alveolar bone is even thinner but the PDL showed no difference.

Periodontal ligament‐associated protein‐1 engages in teeth overeruption and periodontal fiber disorder following occlusal hypofunction

“…Following occlusal unloading, macroscopic teeth overeruption in the HG could be attributed to two main reasons: (1) the elongation of teeth themselves 30,31 and (2) the increase in alveolar bone height, 32,33 which were both observed in our research. Apart from these, a gain in the mandibular width in the HG was an unexpected discovery, in disagreement with the conventional view that occlusal force would thicken the bone as a result of adaptive bone remodeling 34–36 . One possible reason is that previous bone thickness was measured in a horizontal plane at the mid‐root level, unlike our method measuring the thickest part of mandible in the coronal plane through furcation.…”

“…Apart from these, a gain in the mandibular width in the HG was an unexpected discovery, in disagreement with the conventional view that occlusal force would thicken the bone as a result of adaptive bone remodeling. [34][35][36] One possible reason is that previous bone thickness was measured in a horizontal plane at the mid-root level, unlike our method measuring the thickest part of mandible in the coronal plane through furcation. Here, we speculate that occlusal force would osteoclasts formation through ion channels, 38 meaning that osteoclasts could sense mechanical forces directly.…”

Periodontal Destruction and Regeneration in Experimental Models: Combined Research Approaches

“…Material and methods. The rat models, used in the reviewed publications were: ligature-induced [5,13,[15][16][17][18][19], streptozotocin-induced [2,3,20,21] and immune complexes-induced [22] experimental periodontitis; 3-wall periodontal defect in Wistar rats [9,14],osteoporotic rats periodontal fenestration defect model [4], apical periodontitis, induced in Wistar rats by pulp exposure to oral cavity [23], altered functional loading model with use of a hard and soft diet and the posterior bite-blocks in rats [24], as well as rats stress exposures in different modes [25], experimental rat model of surgically created chronic acid reflux esophagitis [26]. The combined bilayered compartmentalized system was used to promote the regeneration of alveolar bone in Wistar rats [14].…”

“…The results obtained were the subject of histomorphomorphological/-metrical [10, 13, 14, 17, 19, 20, 21-25, 27-29, 30], immunohisto (-cyto)chemical [15,16,10,20,7,28,21,29,6,30,5,19] and histopathological [2,4,5,9,31,22] analysis, micro-computed tomography [9,15,16,18,19,21,24,28]. The laboratory methods involved were real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction [11,15,16,21] enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [16,17], scanning [3], and transmission electron microscopy [32], polarizing light microscopy [29], confocal microscopy and spectrophotometry [15], radiographic and biomechanical analysis [18], descriptive histology and computer-assisted image analysis [12].…”

“…Although the difference between long junctional epithelium and normal junctional epithelium regarding their resistance to destruction of periodontal tissue has been investigated, the mechanism still remains unclear [22]. The effect of posterior bite-blocks, resin-based structures elevating the occlusion and creating intrusive force on the posterior teeth, on the periodontal ligament space and alveolar bone thickness when combined with altered masticatory forces was investigated by Denes B. J. et al (2016) [24]. Young rats wearing posterior biteblocks have narrower periodontal ligament space and thinner alveolar bone compared to controls.…”