The Influence of Aliphatic Low Molar Mass Polyesters on Crystallization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Yu, Yanlei; Ying, Yu; Jin, Ming; Li, Gang; Bu, Haishan

doi:10.1002/1521-3935(20010101)202:1<139::aid-macp139>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Poly (1,4-butylene sebacate) (PBS) was synthesized in our laboratory. [15] Surlyn 1 (DuPont Co. Ltd., Wilmington, USA) is a sodium salt of a copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid (wt.-ratio 90/10), in which ca. 45% of carboxyl groups are neutralized with sodium hydroxide.…”

Section: Materials and Samples Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the PEN has a disadvantage of slow crystallization, which makes PEN undesirable for injection molding application under conventional processing conditions. In recent years, our knowledge and experience acquired in the study of fast crystallization of PET11–15 have been extended to PEN, and the crystallization of PEN containing nucleating promoters, Ceraflour ® 993 and Ceraflour ® 991 and poly(1,4‐butylene sebacate) (PBS) has been investigated 16,17. In this paper, a detailed study of the influence of nucleating agents alone and together with nucleating promoters on the crystallization and crystal morphology of PEN is described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystallization and Morphology of Poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylate) Containing Additives

Gao

Liu

et al. 2003

Macro Materials & Eng

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The influence of nucleating agents (AClyn®, Surlyn® and sodium benzoate (SB)) alone and together with nucleating promoter (Ceraflour® 993 and Ceraflour® 991 and poly(1,4‐butylene sebacate)) on the crystallization and morphology of poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylate) (PEN) was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimeter, polarized optical microscopy and small angle light scattering. It was revealed that AClyn, Surlyn and SB effectively accelerate nucleation and crystallization of PEN with increasing the ratio of nucleating agent up to 1 wt.‐%. A combination of nucleating agent and nucleating promoter leads to further increase in crystallization rate at low temperature, but only a slight change at high temperature. Hedrites were obtained in pure PEN and the addition of SB and Ceraflour 993 produces small crystals with poor perfection upon crystallization in high temperature region. When crystallization temperature was below 210 °C, spherulites were observed in pure PEN and also in the samples of PEN/Ceraflour 993 and PEN/SB but with smaller size.

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Section: Materials and Samples Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization and Morphology of Poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylate) Containing Additives

Gao

Liu

et al. 2003

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…Like most plastics, size reduction of PET cannot be accomplished with techniques used for brittle materials, such as jet mills, grinding mills, or impact mills. The PET particles can be made brittle before comminution, however, via immersion of the PET pellets in liquid nitrogen, followed immediately by grinding 1. Alternately, PET can be heated in an oven to a temperature just above its melting point of ∼ 250°C and allowed to slowly cool and crystallize.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronization of polyethylene terephthalate via freezing of highly sheared emulsions of polyethylene terephthalate in saturated liquid tetrahydrofuran

Tapriyal

Fan

Heintz

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A novel technique for micronizing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin ($ 3 mm) with saturated liquid tetrahydrofuran (THF) has been developed. PET pellets were introduced to a high-pressure vessel filled halfway with THF at loadings up to $ 7 wt % PET. When the vessel was closed and heated, the PET pellets exhibited significant melting point depression at 190 C in saturated liquid THF at 17.1 bar. Although other organic solvents were also able to depress the melting point of PET, only THF was able to facilitate the formation of an emulsion of PET-rich liquid droplets in the saturated liquid solvent when the mixture was agitated. In an attempt to generate the smallest possible PET droplets, a highspeed (5000 rpm), close-clearance, radial flow impeller was used to shear and disperse the droplets at $ 200 C and 20.1 bar. Emulsion was rapidly cooled while mixing. The PET droplets froze at $ 190 C, and the vessel was then cooled to ambient temperature. The excess liquid THF was decanted, and the PET particles were dried in a vacuum oven to remove residual THF. The PET particle sizes ranged between 2 and 70 lm, with number, area, and volume average diameters of 6, 20, and 30 lm, respectively. A comparison between the PET resin and PET powder properties indicated that the micronization reduced the M w from 32,700 to 22,800. DSC results suggest that the rapid quench leads to a morphology different from equilibrium, with small somewhat imperfect crystallites, a lower overall degree of crystallinity, and a suppressed DC p at the glass transition. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 125: [4034][4035][4036][4037][4038][4039][4040] 2012

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“…Some studies have been reported about the crystallization kinetics of virgin or recycled PET compounded with special additives, nucleating agents, crystallization promoters, and so forth. [6][7][8][9] In PET processing, the most widely used nucleating agent is talc. It is also well known that some other compounds and additives such as metal oxides, ionomers, and fibers show nucleating ability for PET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the injection‐molding applications of PET are rather limited in engineering applications and require a large cycle time. Some studies have been reported about the crystallization kinetics of virgin or recycled PET compounded with special additives, nucleating agents, crystallization promoters, and so forth 6–9. In PET processing, the most widely used nucleating agent is talc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics and morphology of poly(ethylene terephthalate) modified with poly(lactic acid)

Acar

Durmuş

Özgümüş

2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) copolymers modified with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, and a crystal morphology of the samples was observed with scanning electron microscopy. Waste PET (P100) obtained from postconsumer water bottles was modified with a low-molecular-weight PLA. The PET/PLA weight ratio was 90/10 (P90) or 50/50 (P50) in the modified samples. The nonisothermal melt-crystallization kinetics of the modified samples were compared with those of P100. The segmented block copolymer structure (PET-b-PLA-b-PET) of the modified samples formed by a transesterification reaction between the PLA and PET units in solution and the length of the aliphatic and aromatic blocks were found to have a great effect on the nucleation mechanism and overall crystallization rate. On the basis of the results of the crystallization kinetics determined by several models (Ozawa, Avrami, Jeziorny, and Liu-Mo) and morphological observations, the crystallization rate of the samples decreased in the order of P50 > P90 > P100, depending on the amount of PLA in the copolymer structure. However, the apparent crystallization activation energies of the samples decreased in the order of P90 > P100 > P50. It was concluded that the nucleation rate and mechanism were affected significantly by the incorporation of PLA into the copolymer structure and that these also had an effect on the overall crystallization energy barrier.

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The Influence of Aliphatic Low Molar Mass Polyesters on Crystallization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Crystallization and Morphology of Poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylate) Containing Additives

Crystallization and Morphology of Poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylate) Containing Additives

Micronization of polyethylene terephthalate via freezing of highly sheared emulsions of polyethylene terephthalate in saturated liquid tetrahydrofuran

Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics and morphology of poly(ethylene terephthalate) modified with poly(lactic acid)

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