The influence of alcohol outlet density and advertising on youth drinking in urban Tanzania

Ibitoye, Mobolaji; Kaaya, Sylvia; Parker, Richard; Likindikoki, Samuel; Ngongi, Leonida; Sommer, Marni

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.05.019

Cited by 23 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…While the topic of alcohol marketing exposure and its assessment have gained some interest by researchers relatively recently [ 31 – 37 ], few studies have yet to systematically assess alcohol marketing exposure. While we chose the container-based approach which has been used previously, those studies were in very different contexts in both Tanzania [ 33 ] and South Africa [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 41 ]. However, in our review of the published literature, the container-based approach is the only method used so far in establishing alcohol marketing density in sub-Saharan Africa and that approach was recently implemented in Tanzania [ 33 ] and in South Africa [ 36 ]. The container-based approach is also a recommended strategy for monitoring alcohol marketing by NGOs [ 42 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Features of alcohol advertisements across five urban slums in Kampala, Uganda: pilot testing a container-based approach

et al. 2022

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Background Despite the high prevalence of alcohol use and marketing in many settings across sub-Saharan Africa, few studies have systematically sought to assess alcohol marketing exposure, particularly in vulnerable areas such as urban slums where alcohol is often highly prevalent but where educational programs and alcohol prevention messages are scarce. Objective To pilot test the development and implementation of environmental scans of alcohol advertisements in five urban slums across different areas of Kampala, Uganda: Bwaise, Kamwokya, Makindye, Nakulabye, and Nateete. Methods Each of the five scans was conducted in geographical circles, within a 500-m radius of a Uganda Youth Development Link (UYDEL) drop-in Center using a container-based approach. Using a Garmin GPS with photo capabilities and a tablet for data entry, teams of at least two trained researchers walked the main roads within the target area and gathered information about each alcohol advertisement including its location, type, size, and placement and other characteristics. Data with the GPS coordinates, photos and descriptive details of the adverts were merged for analyses. Results A total of 235 alcohol adverts were found across all five data collection sites reflecting 32 different brands. The majority of the adverts (85.8%) were smaller and medium sizes placed by restaurants and bars, stores and kiosks, and liquor stores. The most frequently noted types of alcohol in the adverts were spirits (50.6%) and beer (30.6%). Recommendations The pilot test of the methodology we developed indicated that implementation was feasible, although challenges were noted. Since monitoring alcohol marketing is key for addressing underage alcohol use and harm, the advantages and disadvantages of the approach we developed are discussed. Future research needs to strengthen and simplify strategies for monitoring alcohol marketing in low-resource settings such as urban slums which have unique features that need to be considered. Meanwhile, the findings may yield valuable information for stakeholders and to guide intervention developments and alcohol marketing policy to protect youth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Features of alcohol advertisements across five urban slums in Kampala, Uganda: pilot testing a container-based approach

et al. 2022

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“…High alcohol outlet density has been associated with heavy drinking and risky sexual behaviour (Ibitoye et al, 2019;Letsela et al, 2019). In addition, a linear relationship between alcohol outlet density and alcohol consumption, and a range of alcohol-related harms has been established (Popova et al, 2009;Treno et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the physical environment, in particular, the location and concentration of alcohol outlets and the impact on youth drinking (Ibitoye et al, 2019;Letsela et al, 2019;Ransome et al, 2019) has received much attention. Much research in this area was limited to alcohol outlets only and not illicit drug use outlets and did not focus on proximity to young people's homes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘We shall drink until Lake Victoria dries up’: Drivers of heavy drinking and illicit drug use among young Ugandans in fishing communities

Kuteesa

Webb

Kawuma

et al. 2021

Global Public Health

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We investigated patterns and drivers of alcohol misuse and illicit drug use among young fisherfolk. We undertook this study in fishing communities on Koome Island, Lake Victoria, Uganda, from December 2017-July 2018. We conducted six group discussions with men (3) and women (3) and 33 in-depth interviews with: young people [users (n = 10); non-users (n = 2)], local leaders (n = 3), health workers (n = 2), parents (n = 5), alcohol/illicit drugs sellers/distributors (n = 5), law enforcement officers (n = 5). We sampled participants using purposive and snowball strategies. Interview themes included: knowledge, experiences and perceptions of alcohol use/illicit drug use, HIV risk behaviour and harm reduction. We mapped alcohol/illicit drug use outlets using a Geographic Information System to capture density, distribution and proximity to young people's homes. We coded and analysed qualitative data using thematic content analysis. Motivations for heavy drinking and illicit drug use were multifaceted and largely beyond individual control. Key contextual determinants included social norms around consumption (acceptability), price (affordability), and ease of purchase (availability). Prevention and harm reduction interventions to tackle alcohol misuse and illicit drug use should be aimed at the structural rather than individual level and must be conducted in tandem with strategies to control poverty and HIV.

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“…Although alcohol producers often argue that advertising does not influence drinking [34], empirical evidence suggests otherwise. For example, studies in Nigeria [64], Tanzania [65] and South Africa [66] have found that advertising is associated with drinking among young people. A recent South African study also revealed that exposure to alcohol advertising and promotions via SMS and point‐of‐purchase free offers facilitated heavy drinking [67].…”

Section: Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol consumption, harms and policy developments in sub‐Saharan Africa: The case for stronger national and regional responses

Morojele

Dumbili

Obot

et al. 2021

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Issues Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) has long been characterised as a region with weak alcohol policies, high proportions of abstainers and heavy episodic drinkers (among drinkers), and as a target for market expansion by global alcohol producers. However, inter‐regional analyses of these issues are seldom conducted. Approach Focusing mainly on the period 2000–2016, we compare alcohol consumption and harms, alcohol policy developments and alcohol industry activities over time and across the four sub‐regions of SSA. Key Findings Per‐capita consumption of alcohol and alcohol‐related disease burden have increased in Central Africa but stabilised or reduced in other regions, although they are still high. Most countries have implemented tax policies, but they have seldom adopted other World Health Organization ‘best buys’ for cost‐effective alcohol control policies. Countries range from having minimal alcohol controls to having total bans (e.g. some Muslim‐majority countries); and some, such as Botswana, have attempted stringent tax policies to address alcohol harm. Alcohol producers have continued their aggressive marketing and policy interference activities, some of which have been highlighted and, in a few instances, resisted by civil society and public health advocates, particularly in southern Africa. Implications Increased government support and commitment are needed to be able to adopt and implement effective alcohol policies and respond to pressures from alcohol companies to which SSA remains a target market. Conclusion SSA needs effective alcohol control measures in order to reverse the trajectory of worsening alcohol harms observed in some countries and reinforce improvements in alcohol harms observed in others.

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The influence of alcohol outlet density and advertising on youth drinking in urban Tanzania

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Features of alcohol advertisements across five urban slums in Kampala, Uganda: pilot testing a container-based approach

Features of alcohol advertisements across five urban slums in Kampala, Uganda: pilot testing a container-based approach

‘We shall drink until Lake Victoria dries up’: Drivers of heavy drinking and illicit drug use among young Ugandans in fishing communities

Alcohol consumption, harms and policy developments in sub‐Saharan Africa: The case for stronger national and regional responses

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