The influence of agroforestry on the formation of the structure of forest ecosystems

Abstract

The functional load of forests necessitates the activation of meliorative measures to optimize the functioning of agrolandscape complexes. These measures contribute to improving the environmental situation and advancing towards sustainable functioning of forest ecosystems. Therefore, the study of the structural and species formation of forest ecosystems is of significant scientific interest. The aim of the article was to analyse the impact of agroforestry measures on the process of forming the structure of forest ecosystems through a comprehensive examination of interrelationships. The research utilized general scientific methods, including specification, deduction, systemic analysis, synthesis, and abstraction, as well as formalization. During the study, vectors of organizing optimized systems of protective forest plantations were analysed, and environmental protection priorities for the development of agroforestry ecosystems were substantiated. Basic principles of managing the agroforestry complex based on sustainable land use were identified, including a comprehensive approach, ecologization of the process, and continuous monitoring. The study revealed current ecological consequences of irrational melioration for forest plantations, such as increased erosion processes and land resource degradation. Risks and challenges requiring preventive solutions were identified. It was proven that increasing the share of agroforestry plantations would allow optimizing the environmental situation in Ukraine, promoting the regeneration of the natural resource base, restoring landscapes, and minimizing land resource degradation processes. The article proposed key measures to optimize the environmental situation at the local level of forest ecosystems, as well as preventive measures to prevent destructive impacts, including the improvement of legal support and the implementation of strict measures of responsibility for irrational resource use. The value of the conclusions lies in their practical application for monitoring the state and the process of forming the structure of forest ecosystems under the influence of agroforestry measures. They also contribute to the effective development of preventive and regenerative protective measures and the formation of balanced forest ecosystems