The influence of aging temperature and aging time on the mechanical and tribological properties of selective laser melted maraging 18Ni-300 steel

Yin, Shuo; Chen, Chaoyue; Yan, Xingchen; Feng, Xiaohua; Jenkins, R.G.; O’Reilly, Peter; Liu, Min; Li, Hua; Lupoi, Rocco

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2018.06.005

Cited by 100 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In general, the hardness of the test pieces increased significantly with the heat treatments, as shown in Figure 3. This behavior can be easily understood from the strengthening mechanism, i.e., by a uniform distribution of fine nickel-rich intermetallic precipitates during the aging of a ductile, low-carbon martensite structure, as previously shown by many other studies [4,8,9,11]. When a relatively low aging temperature of 400 °C was used, the hardness of the test pieces was raised to 475-545 Hv after 6 h aging, depending on the ST conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…After aging treatment, the hardness and tensile strength were dramatically increased by precipitations of intermetallic particles. Yin et al [11] and Tan et al [9] investigated the effects of aging time and temperature on the mechanical properties of maraging steels fabricated by SLM, with and without the solution heat treatment. They showed that the properties of maraging steels depend largely on the aging temperature rather than the aging time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Heat Treatment Condition on Microstructural and Mechanical Anisotropies of Selective Laser Melted Maraging 18Ni-300 Steel

Kim

et al. 2020

Metals

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18Ni-300 maraging steel produced by the selective laser melting (SLM) process has a unique microstructure that is different from that of the same alloy processed by conventional methods. In this paper, maraging steels were fabricated by the selective laser melting process and their microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated in terms of post heat treatment conditions. Moreover, the effect of different heat treatments on the mechanical anisotropy was studied in detail. The micro Vickers hardness in the as-built state was around 340 Hv and could be increased to approximately 600 Hv by aging heat treatments. It was found that the solution heat treatment was not necessary to obtain a fully hardened state. From tensile tests of the maraging steels heat treated with different conditions, it was found that the highest strength was achieved by aging and solution treatment (ST) temperatures lower than the commonly used temperatures. In the direction parallel to the laser scanning, the highest ultimate tensile strength was obtained when 450 °C aging was done without solution heat treatment. In the other two directions tested, i.e., directions normal to the building and 45 degrees to the laser scanning direction, the highest tensile strength was obtained when aging was done at 450 °C after 750 °C solution treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Heat Treatment Condition on Microstructural and Mechanical Anisotropies of Selective Laser Melted Maraging 18Ni-300 Steel

Kim

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…Furthermore, only the horizontal (0 • ) build-orientation is considered. Authors Yin et al [28], Bai et al [29] and Mutua et al [16] also present hardness and tensile data for horizontal specimens tested under a narrow array of aging treatments. In these studies, however, non-characteristic fluctuations/variations in the AM alloy's elasticity and plasticity behaviour can be observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic anisotropy of additively manufactured maraging steel: Influence of the build orientation and heat treatments

Mooney

Kourousis

Raghavendra

2019

Additive Manufacturing

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This experimental study investigates the combined effect of the three primary Additive Manufacturing (AM) build orientations (0 • , 45 • , and 90 •) and an extensive array of heat treatment plans on the plastic anisotropy of maraging steel 300 (MS1) fabricated on the EOSINT M280 Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) system. The alloy's microstructure, hardness, tensile properties and plastic strain behaviour have been examined for various strengthening heattreatment plans to assess the influence of the time and temperature combinations on plastic anisotropy and mechanical properties (e.g. strength, ductility). A comprehensive visual representation of the material's overall mechanical properties, for all three AM build orientations, against the various heat treatment plans is offered through time-temperature contour maps. Considerable plastic anisotropy has been confirmed in the as-built condition, which can be reduced by aging heat-treatment, as verified in this study. However, it has identified that a degree of transverse strain anisotropy is likely to remain due to the AM alloy's fabrication history, a finding that has not been previously reported in the literature. Moreover, the heat treatment plan (6h at 490 • C) recommended by the DMLS system manufacturer has been found not to be the optimal in terms of achieving high strength, hardness, ductility and low anisotropy for the MS1 material. With the use of the comprehensive experimental data collected and analysed in this study, and presented in the constructed contour maps, the alloy's heat treatment parameters (time, temperature) can be tailored to meet the desired strength/ductility/anisotropy design requirements, either for research or part production purposes.

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“…Heat treatments were performed in a vertical tube furnace in argon atmosphere at 10 C/min heating rate. Based on the maraging steel's phase diagram 23,24 and recommended heat treatment procedures reported in literature, 25,26 age-hardening heat treatment was performed at 480 C for 3 h. Some samples underwent a solutionising treatment at 820 C for 1 h, with and without being followed by the designated age-hardening step. The notation of samples in different heat-treated states are as follows: 'AB' for as-built state, '3h480' for age-hardening heat treatment at 480 C for 3 h, '1h820' for solutionising at 820 C for 1 h and '1h820 + 3h480' for solutionising at 820 C for 1 h followed by age hardening at 480 C for 3 h. The chosen heat treatment for fatigue testing is 1h820 + 3h480 as will be seen in Section 3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐treatment selection for tailored fatigue performance of 18Ni300 maraging steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

Elangeswaran

Gurung

Koch

et al. 2020

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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This study investigates the fatigue behaviour of additively manufactured 18Ni300 maraging steel. Specifically, the surface and material parameters impacting fatigue performance are analysed through various post‐treatment combinations. Vertically built miniaturised test samples produced by laser powder bed fusion are tested in as‐built and age‐hardening heat‐treated conditions. To utilise the potential of using additive manufacturing for complex‐shaped parts in which conventional machining tools could have limited access, vibratory finishing and sand blasting are employed. The fatigue results show that in as‐built microstructural condition, both the surface treatments significantly enhanced the fatigue performance, with vibratory finishing outperforming sand blasting owing to better surface finish. After heat treatment, sand‐blasted samples performed better than vibratory‐finished ones because of higher residual stresses. This competing interaction between post‐treatments sheds light on identifying the relative influence of various factors. With systematic postfracture and microstructural analyses highlighting the fatigue influencing factors, recommendations are drawn to select post‐treatments to achieve the desired fatigue performance.

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The influence of aging temperature and aging time on the mechanical and tribological properties of selective laser melted maraging 18Ni-300 steel

Cited by 100 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of Heat Treatment Condition on Microstructural and Mechanical Anisotropies of Selective Laser Melted Maraging 18Ni-300 Steel

Effect of Heat Treatment Condition on Microstructural and Mechanical Anisotropies of Selective Laser Melted Maraging 18Ni-300 Steel

Plastic anisotropy of additively manufactured maraging steel: Influence of the build orientation and heat treatments

Post‐treatment selection for tailored fatigue performance of 18Ni300 maraging steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

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