The Influence of Abiotic Factors on the Induction of Seaweed Callus

Abstract

Seaweeds are a major source of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Seaweed can be sustainably harvested through callus culture, which yields homogenous cells and bioproducts under controlled conditions. Callus induction is a crucial early step in callus culture and is influenced by several abiotic factors. This review aims to discuss the influence of abiotic factors on callus induction in seaweeds, a prerequisite for the application and development of seaweed callus culture. We used three online databases (Springer, Science Direct, and Wiley) to search for the literature on seaweed callus induction published between 1987 and 2020. Thirty-three articles for review were identified and analyzed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The analysis covers 56 seaweed species (3% Chlorophyta, 44% Phaeophyta, and 53% Rhodophyta) under various abiotic treatments, including light irradiance (23%), temperature (15%), media type (21%), plant growth regulators (26%), gelling conditions (9%), and other factors (6%). The information on these abiotic factors is intended to be a practical reference and to foster the further study of the callus culture of seaweed. More studies are needed to determine how to maintain and increase callus mass in suspension culture for the industrial production of seaweed and its metabolites.

Asexual proliferative seedling technology for Sargassum fusiforme constructed using tissue culture method

“…Kavale et al (2023) induced bud germination using staged temperature and light controls. Most studies have been limited to laboratory culture conditions or single investigations of large-scale valve cultures, without combining the two factors (Obando et al, 2022;Tirtawijaya et al, 2022). Culturing pre-and post-seedlings at different stages may enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of continuous algal culture.…”

Biotechnological Potential of Macroalgae during Seasonal Blooms for Sustainable Production of UV-Absorbing Compounds

“…Macroalgae, like many other marine organisms, have been exposed to severe variations in environmental conditions that forced them to adjust, adapt and survive under various external pressures [118]. Macroalgae, like other sessile organisms, experience variable abiotic conditions, including temperature, light irradiance, salinity, and water turbidity, impacting their physiological performance [19,32,51,[119][120][121][122][123][124][125]. These stressful conditions especially require adaptability to high levels of UVR, specifically ultraviolet A (UVA; 320-400 nm) and ultraviolet B (UVB; 280-315 nm) [34].…”

Establishment of Effective Callus Induction in the Economically Important Brown Seaweed Ecklonia cava

“…Tissue culture presents a sustainable approach for fostering tissue development and enhancing quality in seaweeds. The controlled cultivation of seaweed tissues has the potential to maximize biomass production and stimulate the synthesis of desired compounds [14]. Particularly vital for species like Ecklonia cava, characterized by limited wild stocks, tissue culture serves as a strategic response to challenges posed by climate change, pollution, and escalating demand, ensuring the availability of stocks.…”

“…Callus induction, a critical initial stage of proliferation and growth, is influenced by various abiotic factors. Seaweed callus induction is triggered by tissue wounding and changes in the physical environment [27], with different seaweed groups displaying varied responses to abiotic conditions [14,28]. Factors such as light irradiance, temperature, media composition, growth regulators, CO 2 levels, temperature, nutrient absorption, osmolarity, nutrient absorption, salinity, photosynthesis, and culture medium composition influence callus induction [14,.…”

“…Seaweed callus induction is triggered by tissue wounding and changes in the physical environment [27], with different seaweed groups displaying varied responses to abiotic conditions [14,28]. Factors such as light irradiance, temperature, media composition, growth regulators, CO 2 levels, temperature, nutrient absorption, osmolarity, nutrient absorption, salinity, photosynthesis, and culture medium composition influence callus induction [14,. Earlier studies have investigated the effects of different abiotic parameters on various marine algae species, including red algae like Gracilariopsis and Gelidium, brown algae such as Dictyota and Undaria, and green algae like Cladophora and Ulva .…”