The Influence of a Therapeutic Programme on the Segmentary Body Composition in over - and Underweight Children at the Early-School Age: Pilot Studies

Chwałczyńska, Agnieszka; Jędrzejewski, Grzegorz; Sobiech, Krzysztof A.

doi:10.4172/2375-4494.1000359

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As part of the nationwide OLAF project carried out in 2007-2010, the excess weight was found to be in 15-20% of children in early school age [ 1 , 4 ]. Similar results, depending partly on the research area, were obtained by Felińczuk and Hama, Mleczko and Szmigiel, and Chwałczyńska et al [ 2 , 3 , 8 ]. By analyzing in detail the studied group, a large variation in the incidence of excess weight was observed, depending on the place of residence of the children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Comparing the FFF index in girls, depending on the abnormalities of body mass and place of residence, higher index values were found in those examined from the rural area compared with the inhabitants of the inner city. As in the Chwałczyńska study [ 7 ], the highest values were recorded in the upper limbs [ 7 , 8 ]. The FFF index in the examined girls from the rural area was on mean higher by 0.03 compared to the group from the urban area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In the present study, fat–fat-free (FFF) index was used for the first time in relation to such a large group of boys. So far, the results of women and girls have been presented [ 7 , 34 ], in addition to changes in the indicator under the influence of targeted physical activity in children with overweight and obesity [ 8 ]. The FFF index showed the significance of the general and segmental assessment of body composition in the case of developmental age in the classification of body mass abnormalities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total and segmental values of adipose tissue in percent (FatP, [%]), fat mass (FatM, [kg]), and fat-free (FFM, [kg]) were estimated including right lower limbs (leg) (RL), left limbs (leg) (LL), upper right limbs (arm) (RA), left limbs (arm) (LA), and trunk (TR). With the use of fat and nonfat component, the FFF (fat–fat-free) index was calculated using the formula

N is the index order according to the body segment, FatM (N) is the segmental fat mass [kg], FFM (N) is the segmental fat-free mass [kg], FFF is the fat–fat-free index: FFF1 fat–fat-free index for the right leg, FFF2 fat–fat-free index for the left leg, FFF3 fat–fat-free index for the right arm, FFF4 fat–fat-free index for the left arm, and FFF5 fat–fat-free index for the trunk [ 7 , 8 ] (Rutkowski et al, 2017). …”

Section: Research Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FFF is the fat–fat-free index: FFF1 fat–fat-free index for the right leg, FFF2 fat–fat-free index for the left leg, FFF3 fat–fat-free index for the right arm, FFF4 fat–fat-free index for the left arm, and FFF5 fat–fat-free index for the trunk [ 7 , 8 ] (Rutkowski et al, 2017).…”

Section: Research Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Comparison of the Body Composition of Children at the Early School Age from Urban and Rural Area in Southwestern Poland

Chwałczyńska

Rutkowski

Jędrzejewski

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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The aim of the study was to compare the segmental body composition with the use of fat–fat-free (FFF) index in children at early school age, depending on sex and place of residence, with particular emphasis on urban and rural areas. The study consisted of 329 children aged 7.78 (SD = 0.88; mean age in years). The study group was divided according to the place of residence and sex. The height and body mass, Body Mass Index (BMI), segmental body composition (Tanita BC-418MA), and FFF were calculated. A more frequent occurrence of excessive body weight was observed in children from rural areas (over 20%) compared to their peers from the urban area (10%). Statistically significant lower values of FFF index as well as in the lower limbs and torso were observed in the case of the examined children from the urban area as compared with their peers from the rural areas. The body composition of children living in metropolitan and rural areas is diverse. Lower values of FFF indexes were found in children from the city than in children living in villages. There are more children in the city with signs of being underweight and of normative body mass and paradoxically more overweight ones in the village.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Comparison of the Body Composition of Children at the Early School Age from Urban and Rural Area in Southwestern Poland

Chwałczyńska

Rutkowski

Jędrzejewski

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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Physical Development of Six- and Seven-Year-Old Children in Rīga and Latvian Regions

Umbraško

Vētra

Pļaviņa

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.

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The growth and maturation of a child’s body are going on continuously, but unevenly. Therefore, children of the same age may have different growth and functional abilities. On the initiative of the Latvian government, a pilot project was launched, which aims to evaluate the readiness of children to start school at the age of six as well as compare physical development, separate functional abilities, and posture for six and seven-year-old children of regions of Latvia and Rīga preschool educational institutions. The study involved 918 children, who were divided into two groups — Rīga (R) and regions of Latvia (RL). Respondents in each group were further divided by age — six- and seven-year-olds, and by sex. Anthropometric parameters were determined for each individual’s height, weight, chest circumference, lung vital capacity (PVC), forearm flexor muscle strength, and posture. In our study, the mean values of height for six-year-old girls were: R – 117.6 ± 5.8 cm, RL – 117.1 ± 6.3 cm, for boys R – 118.7 ± 5.0 cm, RL – 118.6 ± 5.1 cm. Seven-year-old children had an average increase in chest circumference of 1 to 2 cm, both by sex and by place of residence. Symmetrical posture was observed only for six-year-old children in 23.1% of cases and 17.1% of seven-year-old children. 59.5% of the children in the study group spent more than one hour a day watching TV, and 66.3% played computer games every day. The results of the study showed that children aged six and seven years grew and functionally developed very differently and individually. These age groups of children did not have accelerated growth ages; there were no large annual increases. A relatively small sex dimorphism was observed. The readiness of six-year-old children to start school should be assessed very individually by the child’s parents in collaboration with the pediatrician.

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Fat–fat-free index in body mass assessment in young people

et al. 2022

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The study aimed to personalize the classification of body weight using the fat–fat-free (FFF) index with the percentage of body fat and to develop classification standards for the FFF index for men aged 18–25 years. Moreover, 1,642 adolescents (1,200 ♀) were examined. Using body composition analyzers, weight was determined, as well as overall and segmental body composition. Based on the obtained values for fat mass and fat-free tissue mass, an overall FFF index was calculated. According to the BMI classification, 9% of ♀ and 6% of ♂ are underweight, 29% of ♀ and 13% of ♂ are overweight, and 5% of the subjects are obese. Women and men classified in the same group according to BMI differed statistically significantly in terms of body weight, FM%, and FFM. In contrast to BMI and FM%, the FFF used takes into account the ratio of fat mass to fat-free tissue and muscle tissue mass. The proposed classification of FFF was made taking into account the differences that arise with sexual development and physiological changes occurring in ontogeny. Assessment of body mass using the FFF index should be used as part of preventive screening for the early diagnosis and prevention of overweight and thus many chronic diseases for which overweight or obesity is a risk factor.

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The Influence of a Therapeutic Programme on the Segmentary Body Composition in over - and Underweight Children at the Early-School Age: Pilot Studies

Abstract: Background: Underweight and obesity are important factors affecting the level of physical fitness.

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

The Comparison of the Body Composition of Children at the Early School Age from Urban and Rural Area in Southwestern Poland

The Comparison of the Body Composition of Children at the Early School Age from Urban and Rural Area in Southwestern Poland

Physical Development of Six- and Seven-Year-Old Children in Rīga and Latvian Regions

Fat–fat-free index in body mass assessment in young people

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