The Inflationary Effects of Environmental Fluctuations Ensure the Persistence of Sink Metapopulations

Matthews, David P.; Gonzalez, Andrew

doi:10.1890/06-1107.1

Cited by 87 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These conclusions do not mirror those of Gonzalez and Holt (2002), Holt et al (2003), Roy et al (2005), Matthews and Gonzalez (2007), where persistence of declining and sink populations subject to immigration has also been studied both theoretically and experimentally. There it is established that, broadly speaking, time-varying vital rates and constant immigration give rise to populations that are in expectation larger than the mean model would suggest.…”

Section: Time-and Spatial-averaged Behaviourcontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…Many populations are in a state of predictable decline in the absence of immigration, or of deliberate bolstering by conservation management strategies (Pulliam, 1988;Gonzalez and Holt, 2002;Holt et al, 2003;Roy et al, 2005;Matthews and Gonzalez, 2007). In many cases, such immigration events vary dramatically in magnitude or structure throughout the lifespan of the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bounds on the dynamics of sink populations with noisy immigration

Eager

Guiver

Hodgson

et al. 2014

Theoretical Population Biology

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Sink populations are doomed to decline to extinction in the absence of immigration. The dynamics of sink populations are not easily modelled using the standard framework of per capita rates of immigration, because numbers of immigrants are determined by extrinsic sources (for example, source populations, or population managers). Here we appeal to a systems and control framework to place upper and lower bounds on both the transient and future dynamics of sink populations that are subject to noisy immigration. Immigration has a number of interpretations and can fit a wide variety of models found in the literature. We apply the results to case studies derived from published models for Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and blowout penstemon (Penstemon haydenii ).

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Section: Time-and Spatial-averaged Behaviourcontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bounds on the dynamics of sink populations with noisy immigration

Eager

Guiver

Hodgson

et al. 2014

Theoretical Population Biology

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“…Asynchronous temperatures cause subpopulations to experience contrasting conditions, so that large subpopulations can rescue small subpopulations. Matthews & Gonzalez [16] found that red noise and asynchronous temperatures permitted higher Paramecium aurelia densities in metapopulations. rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Proc R Soc B 280: 20131747…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asynchronous environmental noise reduces synchrony in subpopulation density fluctuations [15]. This can enhance the beneficial effects of red noise and promote metapopulation persistence, because migration from subpopulations at higher densities can rescue subpopulations at lower densities [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic environmental fluctuations drive epidemiology in experimental host–parasite metapopulations

2013

Self Cite

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Environmental fluctuations are important for parasite spread and persistence. However, the effects of the spatial and temporal structure of environmental fluctuations on host-parasite dynamics are not well understood. Temporal fluctuations can be random but positively autocorrelated, such that the environment is similar to the recent past (red noise), or random and uncorrelated with the past (white noise). We imposed red or white temporal temperature fluctuations on experimental metapopulations of Paramecium caudatum, experiencing an epidemic of the bacterial parasite Holospora undulata. Metapopulations (two subpopulations linked by migration) experienced fluctuations between stressful (58C) and permissive (238C) conditions following red or white temporal sequences. Spatial variation in temperature fluctuations was implemented by exposing subpopulations to the same (synchronous temperatures) or different (asynchronous temperatures) temporal sequences. Red noise, compared with white noise, enhanced parasite persistence. Despite this, red noise coupled with asynchronous temperatures allowed infected host populations to maintain sizes equivalent to uninfected populations. It is likely that this occurs because subpopulations in permissive conditions rescue declining subpopulations in stressful conditions. We show how patterns of temporal and spatial environmental fluctuations can impact parasite spread and host population abundance. We conclude that accurate prediction of parasite epidemics may require realistic models of environmental noise.

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“…This is obvious for weedy species requiring colonization into empty sites after disturbance or pathogens that must infect fresh hosts to replace infected hosts they kill, but the point pertains to any species in spatially open and temporally varying environments. Theoretical models (46) and experiments (47) show that when local populations are linked by dispersal, a positive autocorrelation through time in local growth rates that is to a degree spatially uncorrelated can permit persistence, even if the average growth rate in each patch predicts extinction [and adaptive habitat selection further enhances persistence (48)]. …”

Section: Stitching the Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

Bringing the Hutchinsonian niche into the 21st century: Ecological and evolutionary perspectives

Holt

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

757

717

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G. Evelyn Hutchinson more than a half century ago proposed that one could characterize the ecological niche of a species as an abstract mapping of population dynamics onto an environmental space, the axes of which are abiotic and biotic factors that influence birth and death rates. If a habitat has conditions within a species' niche, a population should persist without immigration from external sources, whereas if conditions are outside the niche, it faces extinction. Analyses of species' niches are essential to understanding controls on species' geographical range limits and how these limits might shift in our rapidly changing world. Recent developments in ecology and evolutionary biology suggest it is time to revisit and refine Hutchinson's niche concept. After reviewing techniques for quantifying niches, I examine subtleties that arise because of impacts species have on their own environments, the density-dependent modulation of how individuals experience environments, and the interplay of dispersal and temporal heterogeneity in determining population persistence. Moreover, the evolutionary record over all time scales reveals a spectrum of rates of change in species' niches, from rapid niche evolution to profound niche conservatism. Substantial challenges revolving around the evolutionary dimension of the Hutchinsonian niche include quantifying the magnitude of evolved intraspecific and clade-level variation in niches and understanding the factors that govern where along the spectrum of potential evolutionary rates any given lineage lies. A growing body of theory provides elements of a conceptual framework for understanding niche conservatism and evolution, paving the way for an evolutionary theory of the niche.Allee effects ͉ ecological niche ͉ landscape texture ͉ niche conservatism ͉ niche evolution T he niche concept is central to ecology (1, 2). G. EvelynHutchinson in a seminal essay Ͼ50 years ago (1) proposed a formalization of the niche that still resonates in the minds of ecologists. After years of quiescence, there has been a recent upsurge of interest in species' niches (2, 3), driven in part by the urgency of predicting ecological responses to rapid environmental change. In this article, after summarizing Hutchinson's niche concept and sketching empirical approaches to quantifying niches, I will point out limitations in standard articulations of the Hutchinsonian niche. Some arise from its focus on a species solely when it is rare, which can belie the impact of positive density dependence and feedback processes on population persistence; others arise from its relative neglect of temporal variation and spatial dynamics; and yet others arise from genetic variation and evolution in the niche itself. These reflections will lead to alternative and complementary niche definitions, enriching and extending Hutchinson's concept.

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The Inflationary Effects of Environmental Fluctuations Ensure the Persistence of Sink Metapopulations

Cited by 87 publications

References 45 publications

Bounds on the dynamics of sink populations with noisy immigration

Bounds on the dynamics of sink populations with noisy immigration

Stochastic environmental fluctuations drive epidemiology in experimental host–parasite metapopulations

Bringing the Hutchinsonian niche into the 21st century: Ecological and evolutionary perspectives

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