The inflammasomes, immune guardians at defence barriers

Palazón-Riquelme, Pablo; López-Castejón, Gloria

doi:10.1111/imm.12989

Cited by 33 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 123 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Indeed, IL-1 is constitutively expressed in many epithelial cells, where it helps defend against pathogens and injury ( Figure 1E) (138). However, loss of control can lead to inappropriate activation, chronic inflammation and disease (139).…”

Section: Il-1 Is Important For Maintenance Of Epithelial Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and Disease

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cytokines activate or inhibit immune cell behavior and are thus integral to all immune responses. IL-1α and IL-1β are powerful apical cytokines that instigate multiple downstream processes to affect both innate and adaptive immunity. Multiple studies show that IL-1β is typically activated in macrophages after inflammasome sensing of infection or danger, leading to caspase-1 processing of IL-1β and its release. However, many alternative mechanisms activate IL-1α and IL-1β in atypical cell types, and IL-1 function is also important for homeostatic processes that maintain a physiological state. This review focuses on the less studied, yet arguably more interesting biology of IL-1. We detail the production by, and effects of IL-1 on specific innate and adaptive immune cells, report how IL-1 is required for barrier function at multiple sites, and discuss how perturbation of IL-1 pathways can drive disease. Thus, although IL-1 is primarily studied for driving inflammation after release from macrophages, it is clear that it has a multifaceted role that extends far beyond this, with various unconventional effects of IL-1 vital for health. However, much is still unknown, and a detailed understanding of cell-type and context-dependent actions of IL-1 is required to truly understand this enigmatic cytokine, and safely deploy therapeutics for the betterment of human health.

show abstract

Section: Il-1 Is Important For Maintenance Of Epithelial Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and Disease

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gut that includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) [1]. While the incidence of IBD only occurs in 1-2% of all colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in the general population [2], this incidence has been quantified to increase up to 5% in patients suffering over 20 years of the disease [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does NLRP3 Inflammasome and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Play an Interlinked Role in Bowel Inflammation and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer?

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inflammation is a hallmark in many forms of cancer; with colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) being a progressive intestinal inflammation due to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While this is an exemplification of the negatives of inflammation, it is just as crucial to have some degree of the inflammatory process to maintain a healthy immune system. A pivotal component in the maintenance of such intestinal homeostasis is the innate immunity component, inflammasomes. Inflammasomes are large, cytosolic protein complexes formed following stimulation of microbial and stress signals that lead to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been extensively studied in part due to its strong association with colitis and CAC. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has recently been acknowledged for its connection to the immune system aside from its role as an environmental sensor. AhR has been described to play a role in the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway. This review will summarise the signalling pathways of both the NLRP3 inflammasome and AhR; as well as new-found links between these two signalling pathways in intestinal immunity and some potential therapeutic agents that have been found to take advantage of this link in the treatment of colitis and CAC.

show abstract

“…However, KM1608 did not induce the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Different from other cytokines, IL-1β is synthesized from a precursor and requires activation by inflammasome [39]. IL-1β controls the recruitment of neutrophils to the infection site to destroy the damaged tissue [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Herbal Formulation on Immune Response Enhancement in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Trinh

Park

et al. 2020

Biomolecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Immune response is a necessary self-defense mechanism that protects the host from infectious organisms. Many medicinal plants are popularly used in Asian folk medicine to increase body resistance. An herbal formulation named KM1608 was prepared from three medicinal plants: Saussurea lappa, Terminalia chebula, and Zingiber officinale. In this study, we evaluated the immune stimulatory effect of KM1608 on RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Network pharmacological analyses were used to predict potential immune response pathways of major compounds from KM1608. The cytotoxicity and immuno-stimulating effect of KM1608 were determined using cell viability and nitric oxide assays. The underlying mechanism of immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results of network pharmacological analysis suggested that major compounds from KM1608 possess anticancer potential via immune signaling pathways. After treatment with KM1608 at 25–100 µg/mL for 24 h, the level of nitric oxide was increased in the dose-dependent manner. The results of quantitative real-time PCR showed that KM1608 stimulates the expression of immune cytokines (interferon (IFN)-α, -β, IL-1β, -6, IL-10, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)) in macrophages. KM1608 extract is a potential agent for immune response enhancement.

show abstract

The inflammasomes, immune guardians at defence barriers

Cited by 33 publications

References 123 publications

Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and Disease

Alternative Pathways of IL-1 Activation, and Its Role in Health and Disease

Does NLRP3 Inflammasome and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Play an Interlinked Role in Bowel Inflammation and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer?

Effect of Herbal Formulation on Immune Response Enhancement in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About