The Inferior Pectoral Artery, A New Definition

Kodama, Kodo; Yamada, Munesato; Kawai, Keiji; Okamoto, Keishi; Mizukami, Shigeki

doi:10.2535/ofaj1936.64.1_47

Cited by 17 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Consistent with the previously reported cases of superficial brachial arteries (Adachi, 1928; Kodama, 2000; Yoshinaga et al, 2003), the lateral mammary branch and muscular branches arose from the superior superficial brachial artery in the present case. Furthermore, we found that the inferior pectoral artery, which is the terminal branch entering the lowest neurovascular hilum of the pectoralis major muscle (Kodama et al, 1987), ramified independently as the most proximal branch from the superior superficial brachial artery. Kodama et al (1987) suggest that the inferior pectoral artery might be a derivative or trigger for morphogenesis of the superficial brachial artery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Furthermore, we found that the inferior pectoral artery, which is the terminal branch entering the lowest neurovascular hilum of the pectoralis major muscle (Kodama et al, 1987), ramified independently as the most proximal branch from the superior superficial brachial artery. Kodama et al (1987) suggest that the inferior pectoral artery might be a derivative or trigger for morphogenesis of the superficial brachial artery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Judging from its origin, course and relation to the brachial plexus, the subscapular artery in this case corresponds to Type E of the superficial subscapular artery defined by Yamada (1967) and Kodama (2000) or the S-type subscapular artery system by defined Aizawa et al (1995). The superficial subscapular artery is considered to be derived from the lateral thoracic artery (Yamada, 1967;Chiba, 1986;Kodama et al, 1987;Aizawa et al, 1995). However, the superficial brachial artery in this case corresponds to the superior superficial brachial artery (BSS), which arises from the axillary artery at the point between the ansa pectoralis and ansa mediana, defined by Kodama (1987Kodama ( , 2000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The superficial subscapular artery is considered to be derived from the lateral thoracic artery (Yamada, 1967;Chiba, 1986;Kodama et al, 1987;Aizawa et al, 1995). However, the superficial brachial artery in this case corresponds to the superior superficial brachial artery (BSS), which arises from the axillary artery at the point between the ansa pectoralis and ansa mediana, defined by Kodama (1987Kodama ( , 2000. Although several cases of the coexistence of the two superficial artery systems during anatomical dissections have been reported previously (Adachi, 1928 In the present case, the subscapular artery passed dorsal to the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and terminated as the posterior circumflex humeral artery, whereas in the other it passed between the ventral to the posterior cord and terminated as the inferior ulnar collateral artery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Occasionally, the axillary artery does not penetrate the brachial plexus and gives rise to the superficial brachial artery with a superficial course to the median nerve (Mü ller, 1903;Adachi, 1928;McCormack et al, 1953;Kodama, 2000). It is also known that a branch derived from the axillary artery occasionally crosses over the medial cord of the brachial plexus and then gives off the subscapular artery system (Chiba, 1986; Kodama et al, 1987;Aizawa et al, 1995), namely the superficial subscapular artery (Yamada, 1967).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rare Variation of the Arm Artery: Coexistence with the Superficial Brachial and Superficial Subscapular Arteries in the Absence of the Normal Brachial Artery

Yoshinaga

Kodama

Kameta

et al. 2003

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

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Summary: A rare variation in the arterial pattern was found in the right arm of an 87-year-old male cadaver in a student dissection practice. In this case, the superficial brachial and superficial subscapular arteries coexisted in the absence of the normal brachial artery (A. brachialis profunda). After branching off a large-sized superficial subscapular artery, the axillary artery did not penetrate the brachial plexus and gave rise to a superficial brachial artery, which arose from the axillary artery at the point between the ansa pectoralis and ansa mediana, and descended ventral to the median nerve branching off the profunda brachii and superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries. The superficial brachial artery finally divided into the radial and ulnar arteries in the cubital fossa. The superficial subscapular artery passed inferior and dorsal to the medial cord of the brachial plexus, giving off the lateral thoracic artery, and then branched off into the thoracodorsal, circumflex scapular and posterior circumflex humeral arteries. Thus the main nerves of the brachial plexus were sandwiched between the superficial brachial artery and the superficial subscapular artery system. The morphological and clinical significance of this variant are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rare Variation of the Arm Artery: Coexistence with the Superficial Brachial and Superficial Subscapular Arteries in the Absence of the Normal Brachial Artery

Yoshinaga

Kodama

Kameta

et al. 2003

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

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Typology of the subclavian and axillary lymphatics

et al. 1994

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Detailed dissections were performed bilaterally on 90 human adult cadavers to obtain more accurate data on the course and origin of the subclavian lymphatics and especially of the subclavian lymphatic trunk. We classified these into four types from the morphology. Type A (46.1%): The subclavian lymphatics were located along the medial edge of the subclavian vein edge close to the lateral thoracic wall. In this type, the subclavian lymphatics consisted of the subclavian node chain, interconnecting vessels, and short lymph trunks. Type B (20.0%): A large connecting vessel ran along the lateral edge of the subclavian vein or on the subclavian artery, with the result that the trunk was located away from the thoracic wall. In the Type B configuration, the vessels originated from the nodes near the origin of the thoracoacromial artery. Type C (21.7%): The Type B large collecting vessel was observed with the Type A subclavian lymphatics. Type D (12.2%): Lymph vessels were too fine to be found and dissected in the subclavian lymphatics. These observations provide critical information for an improved clinical examination and lymphatic resection of breast cancer.

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The superficial brachial artery passing superficially to the pectoral ansa, the highest superficial brachial artery (Arteria brachialis superficialis suprema)

et al. 2010

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The human superficial brachial artery passes superficially to the median nerve and can be classified into three subtypes according to its topographical relationship to the pectoral ansa. When the superficial brachial artery passes superficially to the pectoral ansa, it is defined as the highest superficial artery. We found the highest superficial brachial arteries in both arms of a single cadaver. The right one coexisted with a normal axillary artery, and its identification was not difficult. The left one ran medially to the brachial plexus proximally and became superficial to the brachial plexus after branching off the artery, which gave the subscapular artery, then passed between the radial nerve and its accessory root from deep to superficial and ended as an inferior collateral ulnar artery. We also found a muscular axillary arch in each of the arms, both of which were innervated by the medialmost branch from the pectoral ansa. The right highest superficial brachial artery passed deep to the nerve to the muscular axillary arch. We conjectured that the left axillary artery is where the highest superficial brachial artery, as found on the right, coexists with the axillary artery in the case of Adachi's C-type brachial plexus (AxC). Then, the highest superficial brachial artery develops as a main stem, and the latter remains as a rudimentary AxC. Because the left axillary artery is caught on neither the pectoral ansa nor its branches, the left axillary artery can shift medially to the brachial plexus, and its true form is not obvious.

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The Inferior Pectoral Artery, A New Definition

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Rare Variation of the Arm Artery: Coexistence with the Superficial Brachial and Superficial Subscapular Arteries in the Absence of the Normal Brachial Artery

Rare Variation of the Arm Artery: Coexistence with the Superficial Brachial and Superficial Subscapular Arteries in the Absence of the Normal Brachial Artery

Typology of the subclavian and axillary lymphatics

The superficial brachial artery passing superficially to the pectoral ansa, the highest superficial brachial artery (Arteria brachialis superficialis suprema)

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