The infective larva ofLitomosoides yutajensisGuerreroet al., 2003 (Nematoda: Onchocercidae), aWolbachia-free filaria from bat

Guerrero, Ricardo; Bain, O.; Attout, Tarik; Martin, Coralie

doi:10.1051/parasite/2006132127

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…To date, the life cycle of L. chiropterorum or any of its congeners is unknown, but filariae, in general, are transmitted by haematophagous arthropods. The genus Litomosa is closely related to another onchocercid genus parasitic in bats, Litomosoides (Junker et al ., 2009), which is transmitted by haematophagous macronyssids (Guerrero et al ., 2006). It thus seems likely that L. chiropterorum is freely transmitted between individuals of M. natalensis by their macronyssid parasites during blood feeding, contributing to the observed lack of structure in the endoparasite assemblages of M. natalensis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional turnover in ecto- and endoparasite assemblages of an African bat,Miniopterus natalensis(Chiroptera, Miniopteridae): effects of hierarchical scale and host sex

Krasnov¹,

Junker²,

Wood³

et al. 2020

Parasitology

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We studied the compositional turnover in infracommunities and component communities of ecto- and endoparasites infesting a bat, Miniopterus natalensis (Chiroptera, Miniopteridae), across seven sampling sites using the zeta diversity metric (measuring similarity between multiple communities) and calculating zeta decline and retention rate (both scales) and zeta decay (component communities). We asked whether the patterns of zeta diversity differ between (a) infracommunities and component communities; (b) ecto- and endoparasites and (c) subsets of communities infecting male and female bats. The pattern of compositional turnover differed between infracommunities and component communities in endoparasites only. The shape of zeta decline for infracommunities indicated that there were approximately equal probabilities of ecto- and endoparasitic species to occur on/in any bat individual within a site. The shape of zeta decline for component communities suggested the stochasticity of ectoparasite turnover, whereas the turnover of endoparasites was driven by niche-based processes. Compositional turnover in component communities of ectoparasites was more spatially dependent than that of endoparasites. Spatial independence of compositional turnover in endoparasites was due to subcommunities harboured by female bats. We conclude that the patterns of compositional turnover in infracommunities were similar in ecto- and endoparasites, whereas the patterns of turnover in component communities differed between these groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional turnover in ecto- and endoparasite assemblages of an African bat,Miniopterus natalensis(Chiroptera, Miniopteridae): effects of hierarchical scale and host sex

Krasnov¹,

Junker²,

Wood³

et al. 2020

Parasitology

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“…Small bats within this family on Madagascar are difficult to differentiate based on external and cranio-dental characters [ 37 ]. Members of the genus Litomosoides , which are closely related to Litomosa [ 27 , 61 ], are known to parasitize different Neotropical mammal groups, including rodents, marsupials, and bats [ 25 , 27 , 62 – 64 ]. In parallel with previous studies [ 22 , 24 ], our analysis placed Litomosa westi within the Litomosoides group, rendering Litomosa paraphyletic [ 22 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 24 ] proposed mites of the family Macronyssidae as possible vectors of larval Litomosoides , a filarial genus closely related to Litomosa spp. [ 25 ]. Future work should focus on the molecular screening of ectoparasites (bat flies, fleas, mites, and ticks) collected at sites where bats test positive for filarial nematodes, as well as blood-sucking Diptera.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This latter group is of particular interest, as its high diversity allows investigations addressing the evolutionary history and medical importance of these animals. Indeed, nematodes represent the second-most diversified animal group on our planet after arthropods [ 20 ], with over 25,000 described species, including about 1,200 infecting vertebrates [ 20 – 23 ], some specifically bats [ 16 , 24 , 25 ] and terrestrial small mammals [ 19 ]. Nematode infection rarely results in the host’s death; however, infection may affect the physiology and behavior of parasitized animals [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity, Host Specialization, and Geographic Structure of Filarial Nematodes Infecting Malagasy Bats

et al. 2016

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We investigated filarial infection in Malagasy bats to gain insights into the diversity of these parasites and explore the factors shaping their distribution. Samples were obtained from 947 individual bats collected from 52 sites on Madagascar and representing 31 of the 44 species currently recognized on the island. Samples were screened for the presence of micro- and macro-parasites through both molecular and morphological approaches. Phylogenetic analyses showed that filarial diversity in Malagasy bats formed three main groups, the most common represented by Litomosa spp. infecting Miniopterus spp. (Miniopteridae); a second group infecting Pipistrellus cf. hesperidus (Vespertilionidae) embedded within the Litomosoides cluster, which is recognized herein for the first time from Madagascar; and a third group composed of lineages with no clear genetic relationship to both previously described filarial nematodes and found in M. griveaudi, Myotis goudoti, Neoromicia matroka (Vespertilionidae), Otomops madagascariensis (Molossidae), and Paratriaenops furculus (Hipposideridae). We further analyzed the infection rates and distribution pattern of Litomosa spp., which was the most diverse and prevalent filarial taxon in our sample. Filarial infection was disproportionally more common in males than females in Miniopterus spp., which might be explained by some aspect of roosting behavior of these cave-dwelling bats. We also found marked geographic structure in the three Litomosa clades, mainly linked to bioclimatic conditions rather than host-parasite associations. While this study demonstrates distinct patterns of filarial nematode infection in Malagasy bats and highlights potential drivers of associated geographic distributions, future work should focus on their alpha taxonomy and characterize arthropod vectors.

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“…have been detected in several bat families. 47 The vectors remain unknown, although mites (Macronyssidae) 48 are suspected, as well as other dipterans, including Culicidae, Phlebotominae and Ceratopogonidae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and role of cave-dwelling hematophagous insects in pathogen transmission in the Afrotropical region

Obame-Nkoghe

Leroy

Paupy

2017

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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The progressive anthropization of caves for food resources or economic purposes increases human exposure to pathogens that naturally infect cave-dwelling animals. The presence of wild or domestic animals in the immediate surroundings of caves also may contribute to increasing the risk of emergence of such pathogens. Some zoonotic pathogens are transmitted through direct contact, but many others require arthropod vectors, such as blood-feeding insects. In Africa, hematophagous insects often play a key role in the epidemiology of many pathogens; however, their ecology in cave habitats remains poorly known. During the last decades, several investigations carried out in Afrotropical caves suggested the medical and veterinary importance particularly of insect taxa of the Diptera order. Therefore, the role of some of these insects as vectors of pathogens that infect cave-dwelling vertebrates has been studied. The present review summarizes these findings, brings insights into the diversity of cave-dwelling hematophagous Diptera and their involvement in pathogen transmission, and finally discusses new challenges and future research directions.

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The infective larva ofLitomosoides yutajensisGuerreroet al., 2003 (Nematoda: Onchocercidae), aWolbachia-free filaria from bat

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Compositional turnover in ecto- and endoparasite assemblages of an African bat,Miniopterus natalensis(Chiroptera, Miniopteridae): effects of hierarchical scale and host sex

Compositional turnover in ecto- and endoparasite assemblages of an African bat,Miniopterus natalensis(Chiroptera, Miniopteridae): effects of hierarchical scale and host sex

Diversity, Host Specialization, and Geographic Structure of Filarial Nematodes Infecting Malagasy Bats

Diversity and role of cave-dwelling hematophagous insects in pathogen transmission in the Afrotropical region

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