The Infant Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Impacts Severity of Lower Respiratory Infection and Risk of Asthma Development

Teo, Shu Mei; Mok, D.; Pham, Kym; Kusel, Merci; Serralha, Michael; Troy, Niamh M.; Holt, Barbara J.; Hales, Belinda J.; Walker, M.L.; Hollams, Elysia M.; Bochkov, Yury A.; Grindle, Kristine; Johnston, Sebastian L.; Gern, James E.; Sly, Peter D.; Holt, Patrick G.; Holt, Kathryn E.; Inouye, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2015.03.008

Cited by 767 publications

(1,134 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

957

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is possible that in early life during initiating events in the development of allergic and autoimmune disease, such conditions are associated with a skewing towards a type 2 cytokine‐secreting profile in MAIT cells, as occurs with other T‐cell subsets,44, 64 and may occur early in life. Exposure to microbes during early childhood is associated with protection from immune‐mediated diseases 76, 77, 78. One mechanism may be persistent effects on numbers and function of innate lymphocytes, such as the accumulation of iNKT cells, which occurs in the lamina propria and lungs of germ‐free mice, resulting in increased morbidity in models of inflammatory bowel disease and allergic airways inflammation 77, 79.…”

Section: Observations From Specific Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal‐associated invariant T cells in autoimmunity, immune‐mediated diseases and airways disease

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryMucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a novel class of innate‐like T cells, expressing a semi‐invariant T‐cell receptor (TCR) and able to recognize small molecules presented on the non‐polymorphic MHC‐related protein 1. Their intrinsic effector‐memory phenotype, enabling secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and their relative abundance in humans imply a significant potential to contribute to autoimmune processes. However, as MAIT cells were unknown until recently and specific immunological tools were unavailable, little is known of their roles in disease. Here I review observations from clinical studies and animal models of autoimmune and immune‐mediated diseases including the roles of MAIT cells in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and airways diseases. MAIT cell deficiencies are frequently observed in peripheral blood, and at sites of disease such as the airways in asthma. However, MAIT cells have a specific sensitivity to suppression by therapeutic corticosteroids that may confound many of these observations, as may the tendency of the surface marker CD161 to activation‐induced down‐regulation. Nonetheless, the dependence on bacteria for the development of MAIT cells suggests a potentially important protective role linking the influences of early life microbial exposures and subsequent development of autoimmunity. Conversely, MAIT cells could contribute to chronic inflammation either through TCR‐independent activation, or potentially by TCR recognition of as yet undiscovered ligands. Future research will be greatly facilitated by the immunological tools that are now available, including murine genetic models and human and murine specific tetramers.

show abstract

Section: Observations From Specific Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal‐associated invariant T cells in autoimmunity, immune‐mediated diseases and airways disease

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In infants the respiratory microbiome may be particularly important, as the upper respiratory tract is the site of many infections, which are one of the main health concerns at this life stage. The respiratory tract microbiome is increasingly considered to play an important role as modulator of respiratory infections as well as other respiratory disorders, such as wheezing and asthma (Bisgaard et al, 2007;Teo et al, 2015;Van den Bergh et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

Sakwińska

Foata

Berger

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The acquisition and early maturation of infant microbiota is not well understood despite its likely influence on later health. We investigated the contribution of the maternal microbiota to the microbiota of infant gut and nose in the context of mode of delivery and feeding. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and specific qPCR, we profiled microbiota of 42 mother-infant pairs from the GUSTO birth cohort, at body sites including maternal vagina, rectum and skin; and infant stool and nose. In our study, overlap between maternal vaginal microbiota and infant faecal microbiota was minimal, while the similarity between maternal rectal microbiota and infant microbiota was more pronounced. However, an infant's nasal and gut microbiota were no more similar to that of its own mother, than to that of unrelated mothers. These findings were independent of delivery mode. We conclude that the transfer of maternal vaginal microbes play a minor role in seeding infant stool microbiota. Transfer of maternal rectal microbiota could play a larger role in seeding infant stool microbiota, but approaches other than the generally used analyses of community similarity measures are likely to be needed to quantify bacterial transmission. We confirmed the clear difference between microbiota of infants born by Caesarean section compared to vaginally delivered infants and the impact of feeding mode on infant gut microbiota. Only vaginally delivered, fully breastfed infants had gut microbiota dominated by Bifidobacteria. Our data suggest that reduced transfer of maternal vaginal microbial is not the main mechanism underlying the differential infant microbiota composition associated with Caesarean delivery. The sources of a large proportion of infant microbiota could not be identified in maternal microbiota, and the sources of seeding of infant gut and nasal microbiota remain to be elucidated.

show abstract

“…Viral infections that affect allergic upper airway diseases can also lead to acute asthma exacerbations in the lower airways (5). To clarify the prevalence of viral communities in the development of asthma, nasopharyngeal samples were obtained for 16S rRNA gene deep-sequencing analysis from infants at scheduled visits at 2, 6, and 12 months of age, or within 48 h after the onset of an acute respiratory infection (ARI) during the first year of life in the extension of the Childhood Asthma Study (CAS) (6). The most common viruses found in the nasopharynx of healthy children during ARI were human rhinovirus (HRV) (40%) and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) (11%) (6).…”

Section: The Prevalence Of Viruses In the Airwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To clarify the prevalence of viral communities in the development of asthma, nasopharyngeal samples were obtained for 16S rRNA gene deep-sequencing analysis from infants at scheduled visits at 2, 6, and 12 months of age, or within 48 h after the onset of an acute respiratory infection (ARI) during the first year of life in the extension of the Childhood Asthma Study (CAS) (6). The most common viruses found in the nasopharynx of healthy children during ARI were human rhinovirus (HRV) (40%) and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) (11%) (6). Among those viruses, HRV-C rather than the other HRV subtypes or HRSV, which was detected in the nasopharynx of healthy children during ARI accompanied by wheezing symptoms, was positively associated with later chronic wheezing among all children and particularly for those who were atopic by 2 years (6).…”

Section: The Prevalence Of Viruses In the Airwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common viruses found in the nasopharynx of healthy children during ARI were human rhinovirus (HRV) (40%) and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) (11%) (6). Among those viruses, HRV-C rather than the other HRV subtypes or HRSV, which was detected in the nasopharynx of healthy children during ARI accompanied by wheezing symptoms, was positively associated with later chronic wheezing among all children and particularly for those who were atopic by 2 years (6). In a recent study, HRSV-and HRV-induced lower respiratory tract infections in 412 pediatric patients up to the age of 3 years were associated with the development of wheezing and exacerbations (7).…”

Section: The Prevalence Of Viruses In the Airwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Viruses and bacteria in Th2‐biased allergic airway disease

Feng

Zhang

Gevaert

et al. 2016

Allergy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Allergic airway diseases are typically characterized by a type 2-biased inflammation. Multiple distinct viruses and bacteria have been detected in the airways. Recently, it has been confirmed that the microbiome of allergic individuals differs from that of healthy subjects, showing a close relationship with the type 2 response in allergic airway disease. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the prevalence of viruses and bacteria in type 2-biased airway diseases and on the mechanisms employed by viruses and bacteria in propagating type 2 responses. The understanding of the microbial composition and postinfectious immune programming is critical for the reconstruction of the normal microflora and immune status in allergic airway diseases.

show abstract

The Infant Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Impacts Severity of Lower Respiratory Infection and Risk of Asthma Development

Cited by 767 publications

References 43 publications

Mucosal‐associated invariant T cells in autoimmunity, immune‐mediated diseases and airways disease

Mucosal‐associated invariant T cells in autoimmunity, immune‐mediated diseases and airways disease

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

Viruses and bacteria in Th2‐biased allergic airway disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About