The Infant Gut Microbiome: Evidence for Obesity Risk and Dietary Intervention

Koleva, Petya; Bridgman, Sarah L.; Kozyrskyj, Anita L.

doi:10.3390/nu7042237

Cited by 131 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Therefore, research into factors affecting the gut microbiota has become an area of growing scientific interest. The gut microbiota is influenced by various factors, including the microbial species acquired at birth, age, host genotype, geography, and diet [6][7][8][9]. Of these, diet is considered a key contributor to the diversity of the gut microbiota, explaining 57% of the total structural variation, while only 12% is related to genetic differences [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of dietary patterns with the fecal microbiota in Korean adolescents

et al. 2017

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Background: The gut microbiota has emerged as an important environmental factor associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, through its interactions with dietary factors. Therefore, we analyzed the composition of the fecal microbiota and levels of biochemical markers related to metabolic disease according to dietary pattern in Korean adolescents. Methods: We collected fecal samples from 112 student subjects aged 13-16 years with sufficient information available regarding clinical biomarkers and diet, and performed 16S rRNA targeted gene sequencing. Results: Regarding bacterial composition according to taxonomic rank, we found that traditional dietary patterns enriched in plant-based and fermented foods were associated with higher proportions of Bacteroides (Bacteroidaceae) and Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacteriaceae-Actinobacteria) and a lower proportion of Prevotella (Prevotellaceae) relative to modified Western dietary patterns (a greater proportion of animal-based foods). Specifically, the proportion of Bacteroides (Bacteroidaceae) was associated with intake of plant-based nutrients such as fiber; however, that of Prevotella (Prevotellaceae) was negatively associated with these factors. Additionally, we observed that the increase of prevotella (Prevotellaceae) and decrease of Bacteroides (Bacteroidaceae) and Ruminococcaceae had a higher risk of obesity. We also found that the traditional dietary pattern was negatively associated with general and central adiposity and levels of clinical biomarkers, including AST, ALT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, hs-CRP, insulin, and HOMA-IR, whereas the positive associations were found for a modified Western dietary pattern.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of dietary patterns with the fecal microbiota in Korean adolescents

et al. 2017

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“…Moreover, prebiotics have been used to prevent or treat obesity. Compared to probiotics, human studies with prebiotics have shown more promising results in obesity management, with reductions in body weight and fat mass in adults [82][83][84] in contrast with results from meta-analysis mentioned above, where the supplementation with prebiotics was signiicantly associated to a higher weight gain [80].…”

Section: Type Of Infant Feedingmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Several randomized controlled trials have been made to evaluate the eicacy and safety of prebiotic supplementation in infant formulas [78,79]. After compiling data of these trials into a meta-analysis, weight gain [weighted mean diference 1.07 g/day] was signiicantly higher among formula-fed infants supplemented with prebiotics compared to the placebo group [80]. In addition, a large number of clinical trials in term of infants have shown controversial results related to the increase in Biidobacteria in feces due to supplementation of infant formula with GOS and FOS.…”

Section: Type Of Infant Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Gut Microbiota and Obesity During Development

Cerdó¹,

Ruiz²,

Campoy³

2017

Adiposity - Omics and Molecular Understanding

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Obesity, particularly in children and adolescents, has become a signiicant public health problem that has reached "epidemic" status worldwide. The etiology of obesity is complex and involves lifestyle factors that are challenging to modify. The intestinal microbiota contribute to protection against pathogens, maturation of the immune system, and metabolic welfare of the host but, under some circumstances, can contribute to the pathogenesis of certain diseases. Over the last decade, novel evidence from animal and human studies has identiied associations between human intestinal bacteria and host metabolism and obesity. Infancy is a critical period in the development of the gut microbiota: initial colonization is inluenced not only by a number of early-life exposures, including birth mode, infant nutrition, or antibiotic use, but also by maternal factors during pregnancy, including maternal BMI, nutrition, gut microbial composition, and drug exposure, among others. Thus, an adequate nutritional and microbial environment during the perinatal period and early life may provide windows of opportunity to reduce the risk of obesity and overweight in our children by using targeted strategies aimed to modulate the gut microbiota during early life.

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“…Variations in the antioxidant status in parts of the human colon are due exclusively to the fermentation processes of microorganisms in microbiota in the digestive tract [Koleva et al, 2015]. The total antioxidant activity of the formulation based on lyophilized mycelia of P. ostreatus and L. edodes is shown in Figure 1 (FRAP method) and Figure 2 (ABTS method).…”

Section: Antioxidant Effects Of Mushroom Myceliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidative Effects of Phenolic Compounds of Mushroom Mycelia in Simulated Regions of the Human Colon, In Vitro Study

Vamanu

Pelinescu

Avram

2018

Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci.

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Many compounds in mushrooms are biologically active; however, the in vivo actions of their metabolites are poorly understood. An in vitro system, GIS1, was used to simulate the fermentation action of microbiota in each colon region. We used MycoPo, a natural product obtained from the lyophilized mycelia of different Pleurotus ostreatus species to determine the biological effects in human-colon regions. Controls (Lentinula edodes mycelia; dried basidia of Agaricus brunnescens) were chosen to confi rm the biological activity of P. ostreatus mycelia in vitro. We measured total antioxidant capacity and ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in simulated colon regions to identify antioxidant compounds, and undertook in vitro gastrointestinal simulation and microbiological analyses. The highest FRAP was found for the ascending colon, and the antioxidant effect was higher when MycoPo was administered. A. brunnescens consumption resulted in low total antioxidant capacity. Polyphenol content was correlated with the antioxidant status and microbial composition of microbiota. Total polyphenolic content was higher after A. brunnescens consumption, and four types of polyphenols were identifi ed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Major phenolic acids were gentisic acid, homogentisic acid, and small amounts of caffeic acid. The Enterobacteriaceae species populations varied greatly across the three parts of the colon. We noted a signifi cant (p<0.01) correlation between antioxidant status in the transverse and descending colon after MycoPo administration, and A. brunnescens consumption with the number of Lactobacillus and Bifi dobacteria species (R 2 >0.85). These data suggest a direct relationship between favorable bacterial strains and availability of bioactive compounds, with specifi city for each colon region.

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The Infant Gut Microbiome: Evidence for Obesity Risk and Dietary Intervention

Cited by 131 publications

References 107 publications

Association of dietary patterns with the fecal microbiota in Korean adolescents

Association of dietary patterns with the fecal microbiota in Korean adolescents

Human Gut Microbiota and Obesity During Development

Antioxidative Effects of Phenolic Compounds of Mushroom Mycelia in Simulated Regions of the Human Colon, In Vitro Study

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