“…Two studies used an additional cerclage wiring ( 9 , 26 ). The defect was grafted in 14/20 studies and consisted of either bone allograft ( 11 , 13 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 24 ), autograft ( 14 , 25 ) or calcium phosphate material ( 8 , 12 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 23 , 24 , 26 ) that could be compared. In this model, the time of IM formation was most frequently found at 4 weeks (14/20) (extremes 2–11 weeks), but only three studies analyzed the formation of IM kinetically at several time points (from 2 to 8 weeks) ( 10 , 15 , 22 ) (Supplementary Table 2).…”