The indirect effects of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on alcohol problems in adulthood through unique facets of impulsivity

Pedersen, Sarah L.; Walther, Christine A. P.; Harty, Seth C.; Gnagy, Elizabeth M.; Pelham, William E.; Molina, Brooke S. G.

doi:10.1111/add.13398

Cited by 54 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Elementary and high schools are closer to the families, so they may be in a strategic position to identify children and youngsters that need follow-up, contribute to the development of non-stigmatizing actions, and articulating with the community and health services to promote mental health and well-being to the young people. (22) School dropout favored the child or adolescent to intensify their time on the streets, thus justifying the beginning of drug use. In this initial period, the family recognized the drug use as a consequence of the environment frequented by the youngster.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The trajectory of crack users to the street situation in the perspective of family members

Seleghim¹,

Galera²

2019

Invest Educ Enferm

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Objective. To understand the family experience regarding the trajectory of crack users for the street situation. Method. Qualitative study using the systemic approach as the theoretical referential and the narrative as methodological referential. We conducted interviews with eleven family members of crack users with street situation experience cared for at a community mental health service. We analyzed the interviews using the inductive content analysis technique. Results. The family members understood the trajectory of the crack users for the street situation from two perspectives. One before the street situation process, for which they described a problematic childhood, the presence of stressor traumas/ events, vulnerabilities in the family environment, and their family members' encounter with the drug world. Moreover, another posterior to the street situation, for which they narrated the perception of alterations in the users, the discovery of crack use, the deepening of the individuals'

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The trajectory of crack users to the street situation in the perspective of family members

Seleghim¹,

Galera²

2019

Invest Educ Enferm

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“…As such, what Cyders and Smith (2008) have termed positive and negative urgencies, result in decisions that are poorly conceived and impulsively enacted during periods of heightened mood. Recent work from our group (Pedersen et al, 2016) has shown that both negative and positive urgency mediate the association between ADHD and adult alcohol problems in a longitudinal study of individuals diagnosed with ADHD in childhood. Laboratory-based research examining the relation between emotion and decision-making has shown that elicited discrete emotions (short lived/intensely experienced phenomena) influence decision-making and disrupt preexisting cognitive processes (for review see, Angie, Connelly, Waples, & Kligyte, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anger‐irritability as a mediator of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder risk for adolescent alcohol use and the contribution of coping skills

Harty

Gnagy

Pelham

et al. 2016

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background Research on susceptibility to alcohol use disorder within the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) population has begun to expand examination of putative moderators and mediators in order to develop effective treatments. Specific dysregulated emotions have been separately associated with ADHD and with alcohol use difficulties. The current study is the first to conjointly study these variables by testing anger-irritability as a mediator of ADHD risk for adolescent alcohol use. Methods Frequency of binge drinking, drunkenness, and alcohol problems were examined for 142 children with ADHD followed into adolescence and compared to 100 demographically similar youth without ADHD. Parent-rated anger-irritability was tested as a mediator. Behavioral and cognitive coping skills, which are key clinical treatment targets, were studied as moderators of these associations. Results Childhood ADHD was positively associated with anger-irritability and the drinking outcomes in adolescence. Anger-irritability mediated the association between ADHD and alcohol use problems, but not binge drinking or drunkenness. Behavioral and cognitive, but not avoidant, coping played a moderating role, but only of the association between childhood ADHD and anger-irritability. Conclusions Active coping strategies by adolescents with ADHD may reduce the vulnerability to alcohol problems through a reduction of negative emotions. Future research on additional mediators and treatments that target these skills is encouraged.

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“…ADHD affects about 7% of children (Thomas et al., ), and symptoms persist into adulthood for approximately 60% of these children (Sibley et al., ). Childhood ADHD is associated with more alcohol problems (e.g., Pedersen et al., ) and higher rates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in adulthood (Groenman et al., ; Lee et al., ). Multiple explanations for these associations have been posited (Molina and Pelham, ), including the following: elevated trait impulsivity (Pedersen et al., ); the existence of a single externalizing spectrum comprising ADHD, conduct disorder, antisocial personality, and AUD comorbidities (Beauchaine et al., ; Serra‐Pinheiro et al., ); and shared genetic liability (Derks et al., ; Knopik et al., ).…”

Section: Adhd and Alcohol Use Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Childhood ADHD is associated with more alcohol problems (e.g., Pedersen et al., ) and higher rates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in adulthood (Groenman et al., ; Lee et al., ). Multiple explanations for these associations have been posited (Molina and Pelham, ), including the following: elevated trait impulsivity (Pedersen et al., ); the existence of a single externalizing spectrum comprising ADHD, conduct disorder, antisocial personality, and AUD comorbidities (Beauchaine et al., ; Serra‐Pinheiro et al., ); and shared genetic liability (Derks et al., ; Knopik et al., ). Although these broad, genetically driven factors contribute significant risk for substance use, that risk likely manifests day to day through micro‐level processes such as momentary, contextual drinking characteristics—in other words how, where, when, and with whom individuals drink.…”

Section: Adhd and Alcohol Use Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐the‐Moment Drinking Characteristics: An Examination Across Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder History and Race

McKone

Kennedy

Piasecki

et al. 2019

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background: Adults with a history of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Black drinkers are at elevated risk for alcohol problems and alcohol use disorder. Processes that increase risk for these distinct populations have not focused on in-the-moment behaviors that occur while drinking. The present study examined in-the-moment drinking characteristics (i.e., location, social context, day, time, drink type, speed of consumption) that may differ for individuals with and without ADHD histories or for Black and White drinkers. We also examined the interplay among these in-themoment drinking characteristics to further understanding of contexts when risk may be momentarily increased.Methods: As part of a larger study, 135 individuals (M age = 27.81, 69.6% male, 45.9% ADHD, 69.6% White) completed a 10-day ecological momentary assessment protocol that included self-initiated reports following consumption of an alcoholic drink. Hypotheses were tested using multilevel modeling.Results: Controlling for multiple demographic covariates, Black drinkers drank significantly more quickly than White drinkers and were more likely to consume hard liquor-containing beverages. Differences in drinking speed remained significant when adjusting for Black drinkers' greater likelihood to consume liquor-containing beverages and momentary experience of discrimination; however, Black drinkers' increased likelihood to consume liquor-containing beverages was no longer significant when adjusting for momentary experience of discrimination. Individuals with ADHD histories did not differ from those without ADHD histories in any in-the-moment drinking characteristics. ADHD and race did not interact to predict any drinking characteristic.Conclusions: Differences in speed of alcohol consumption and propensity to consume liquor-containing beverages may contribute to increased risk for alcohol problems experienced by Black drinkers compared to White drinkers.

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The indirect effects of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on alcohol problems in adulthood through unique facets of impulsivity

Cited by 54 publications

References 33 publications

The trajectory of crack users to the street situation in the perspective of family members

The trajectory of crack users to the street situation in the perspective of family members

Anger‐irritability as a mediator of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder risk for adolescent alcohol use and the contribution of coping skills

In‐the‐Moment Drinking Characteristics: An Examination Across Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder History and Race

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