The Indirect Bonding Technique in Orthodontics—A Narrative Literature Review

Abstract

The technique described as indirect bonding is an alternative to the conventional intraoral method of bracket placement. The appliance position is planned and fixed on a plaster model and then transferred into the oral cavity. Indirect bonding is a precise and time-saving technique of bracket placement, growing in popularity in recent years. It provides a combination of great precision with time efficiency. The fundaments of the indirect bonding technique are presented here. From the first clinical trial conducted almost fifty years ago, the method has evolved; the progress that has been made is described. Modern technologies involving computer scanning and manufacturing have led to great precision in bracket placement. Digital innovations such as rapid prototyping and stereolithography open up a new avenue of research and represent the next steps in indirect technique development. Individual 3D transfers are convenient in difficult clinical cases and can improve the effectiveness of the procedure, reduce the number of technical stages and reduce total chairside time. This paper also summarizes the advancement in adhesive materials, including an overview of advantages and disadvantages of different types of bonding resins and of the mean shear bond strength (SBS) achieved in the indirect procedure.

Application of additional anthropometric and functional methods in children undergoing orthodontic treatment using braces

“…Direct bonding has a lot of disadvantages in contrast to indirect bonding, especially on posterior teeth ( Nawrocka and Szymanska, 2020 ). For precise fixation indirect bonding method is used ( Proffit et al, 2019 ).…”

A Novel Digital Technique for Measuring the Accuracy of an Indirect Bonding Technique Using Fixed Buccal Multibracket Appliances

“…Angular deviations in the mesial or incisal/occlusal directions were recorded with positive values, and angular deviations in the distal or gingival directions were recorded with negative values. In addition, a crown-tip inadequacy of 2° causes a marginal ridge discrepancy of 0.5 mm [ 3 , 14 ]. Therefore, linear deviations of ≤0.5 mm and angular deviations of ≤2° were used as the criteria.…”

“…Furthermore, the accuracy of the fixed multibracket appliance placement has been considered a highly relevant factor for the predictability of tooth movement since the edgewise archwire was developed in 1928 by Angle [ 2 ]. Consequently, Nawrocka et al [ 3 ], Duarte et al [ 4 ], and Guenther and Larson [ 5 ] highlighted the accuracy of the fixed multibracket appliance placement at the beginning of the orthodontic treatment and reported its influence on the outcome of the tooth positioning at the end of the orthodontic treatment. Hence, the accuracy of direct and indirect bonding procedures on fixed multibracket appliance placement and, therefore, on the predictability of tooth movement, was analyzed [ 6 ].…”

“Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Incisors Restored by Two Designed Endocrowns Using Two Materials

“…Artificial abutments might provide similar standardized preparations and identical physical qualities of materials used in comparison to natural teeth, however the later ensure more simulation to clinical conditions with respect to tooth architecture and morphology. The dentin and enamel surface for bonding, the contour of the pulp chamber and root canals, and the ratio between the crown and root are more accurate and clinically reliable than on artificial teeth (10) . Maxillary incisors were used in this study to evaluate the success of endocrowns with different designs restoring such teeth with special morphology together with their unique anatomy which is susceptible to cusp deflection and fracture under occlusal loads.…”