This essay surveys and evaluates the last decade of English-language scholarship on the Occupation of Japan, locating it within American history, Japanese history, post-colonial studies, and the new international history, noting how new work in each field affects our interpretations.The current US military occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan have sparked renewed interest in the occupation of Japan, as scholars and policymakers grope for better ways to understand global affairs, particularly since John Dower's multi-prize-winning volume, Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II had already energised the field. In a major change, Americans across the political spectrum are far more willing to view their nation as an imperial power than in the past. In a neat parallel, scholars today also see Japan's history of imperial overreach and subsequent loss of its colonies as far more like the histories of other mid-twentieth century places than did previous analysts. Rather than exceptional, these are 'normal nations' . Japanese-language work shows the same trend. 1 In addition to providing a stronger comparative framework, post-colonial analysis also has shifted our attention to new topics within the Occupation experience, such as fraternisation. Meanwhile, the 'new international history' of the United States not only places the Occupation within its international context, but also explores the effects of US experiences overseas on Americans at home. Synthesising these different approaches to history allows for a far more complex and cross-cutting picture of the transnational relationships that characterised Occupied Japan than in the past, as explored below. They anchor the Occupation era far more firmly within American history and also help us better understand the place of the Asia-Pacific region in the Cold War world.