The Index of Refraction of Seawater

Austin, R. W.; Halikas, George C.

doi:10.21236/ada024800

Cited by 106 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There was no evidence that the quartz cuvette was responsible for changes in measured absorption, so the changes must be due to changes in the absorption coefficient or index of refraction of water. The changes in the index of refraction would have to be much larger than published values (Austin and Halikas 1976) to account for the observed effects. Changes in the index of refraction with wavelength thus contribute very little to the measured changes in absorption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Temperature‐dependent absorption of water in the red and near‐infrared portions of the spectrum

1993

Limnology & Oceanography

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We looked at the influence of temperature and salinity on the absorption coefficient of water with emphasis on the red and near‐IR portions of the spectrum. The absorption coefficient of pure water was found to have a strong dependence on temperature and little dependence on salinity near the harmonics of the O−H bond‐stretching frequency. We found an increase in the absorption coefficient of 0.009 m−1 °C−1 at 750 nm and 0.0015 m−1 °C−1 at 600 nm.

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mentioning

confidence: 81%

Temperature‐dependent absorption of water in the red and near‐infrared portions of the spectrum

1993

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…The water height at the time of the airborne survey was determined based on the information from Titan channels 1 and 2. Water depths were determined by applying a 1.33 [41] first-order refraction correction (correction just for the vertical component) to the differences between the infrared channels and channel 3 (532 nm) elevations. A geographic subset contained within the main section of the East Pass was considered for the accuracy assessment.…”

Section: Accuracy Assessment Of Measured Water Depths and Bathymetricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capability Assessment and Performance Metrics for the Titan Multispectral Mapping Lidar

et al. 2016

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Abstract:In this paper we present a description of a new multispectral airborne mapping light detection and ranging (lidar) along with performance results obtained from two years of data collection and test campaigns. The Titan multiwave lidar is manufactured by Teledyne Optech Inc. (Toronto, ON, Canada) and emits laser pulses in the 1550, 1064 and 532 nm wavelengths simultaneously through a single oscillating mirror scanner at pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) that range from 50 to 300 kHz per wavelength (max combined PRF of 900 kHz). The Titan system can perform simultaneous mapping in terrestrial and very shallow water environments and its multispectral capability enables new applications, such as the production of false color active imagery derived from the lidar return intensities and the automated classification of target and land covers. Field tests and mapping projects performed over the past two years demonstrate capabilities to classify five land covers in urban environments with an accuracy of 90%, map bathymetry under more than 15 m of water, and map thick vegetation canopies at sub-meter vertical resolutions. In addition to its multispectral and performance characteristics, the Titan system is designed with several redundancies and diversity schemes that have proven to be beneficial for both operations and the improvement of data quality.

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“…The Index of Refraction of Seawater (1976) of R. W. Austin and Halikas presented refractive index depending on wavelength by temperature and salt concentration as shown in Fig. 2 [2]. The average water temperature in the fishing season (November) in East Sea measured by the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency is 18℃, and salt concentration is 33‰ [3].…”

Section: Optical Properties Of Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiance Distribution in East Sea by Using Measured Optical Properties for Squid Jigging Vessels

Bae

Kim

Park

et al. 2016

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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A fishing lamp is the instrument for attracting distributed fish to a certain place, and is the lighting system mainly used in fishery. In the inshore fishing, most fishing lamps are used for squid and hairtail jigging fishing, and the light source of the fishing lamps mainly used is metal halide with 1.5 KW in electric power consumption. We will analyze the irradiance distribution according to depth because squid is attracted towards light. To analyze irradiance distribution by such fishing lamps, data for seawater Type-II among the seawater types defined in 1976 are applied to East Sea. However, the Type-II data have limitations in analyzing precise seawater transmission characteristics, due to insufficient information on deep seawater. This paper analyzed the irradiance distribution of fishing lamps using the measurement of transmission characteristics in the seawater in East Sea up to 100 m underwater instead of Type-II data, which is not sufficient for transmission. A compensation factor was drawn between the actual measurement data and Type-II data through seawater transmission characteristics simulation.

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The Index of Refraction of Seawater

Cited by 106 publications

References 17 publications

Temperature‐dependent absorption of water in the red and near‐infrared portions of the spectrum

Temperature‐dependent absorption of water in the red and near‐infrared portions of the spectrum

Capability Assessment and Performance Metrics for the Titan Multispectral Mapping Lidar

Irradiance Distribution in East Sea by Using Measured Optical Properties for Squid Jigging Vessels

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