The indeterminable resilience of the fascial system

Bordoni, Bruno; Marelli, Fabiola; Bruno, Marco; Sacconi, Beatrice

doi:10.1016/s2095-4964(17)60351-0

Cited by 35 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The keratinocytes and the fibroblasts of the dermis mutually and simultaneously influence each other. In the connective tissue organization from the skin to the bone, the collagen fibrils form a network in the absence of genuinely separate layers, as the same structures are found from the surface to the depth; the so-called layers are only distinguishable due to the different fibrillar density [53]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Proposal to Define the Fascial System

et al. 2018

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At the beginning of the third millennium, we still do not have a definition of ‘fascia' recognized as valid by every researcher. This article attempts to give a new definition of the fascial system, including the epidermis, by comparing the mechanical-metabolic characteristics of the connective tissue and the skin. In fact, according to the latest classification deriving from the Fascia Nomenclature Committee, the outer skin layer is not considered as part of the fascial continuum. This article highlights the reasons for taking the functional characteristics of the tissue into consideration, rather than its mere structure. A brief discussion will address the questions as to what is considered as fascial tissue and from which embryonic germ layer the epidermis is formed. The notion that all the layers intersect will be highlighted, demonstrating that quoting precise definitions of tissue stratification in the living organism probably does not correspond to what happens in vivo. What we propose as a definition is not to be regarded as a point of arrival but as another departure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We are the living expression of bio-tensegrity. In other words, the presence of discontinuous compression elements (bones) balances the stress generated or received by continuous tension elements (muscle and fascia) [53,61]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Proposal to Define the Fascial System

et al. 2018

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“…Maintaining an optimal position of the collagen fibres, adapted to a specific anatomical structure (muscle, joint, visceral capsule, meninges, etc. ), means maintaining health [5,[19][20].…”

Section: Figure 1: the Statue Of The "Busto DI Donna Velata" By The Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diaphragm is not a plunger, it does not contract and release uniformly, but with different times and methods depending on the task to which it is called to work [28][29]. The connective networks are organized in an entropic manner, so as to allow the muscular complex to act with different vectors and support multiple stressors [5]. We move from a Bernstein model of movement (recognizable and mechanistic patterns) to a fractal model of muscle contraction (one recognizes the three-dimensionality of the construct in an environment that is continually transformed) [28,[30][31].…”

Section: The Connective Tissue Of the Diaphragm Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…How to define the fascia? The discovery of new functions and features of the fascia makes the definitions like the same colour under a different light: changing [1][2][3][4][5]. In a recent work by our research group, Foundation of Osteopathic Research and Clinical Endorsement (FORCE), we defined the fascia as: "The fascia is any tissue that contains features capable of responding to mechanical stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Fascial Breath

Bordoni

Simonelli

Bruno³

2019

Cureus

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The word diaphragm comes from the Greek (διάϕραγμα), which meant something that divides, but also expressed a concept related to emotions and intellect. Breath is part of a concept of symmorphosis, that is the maximum ability to adapt to multiple functional questions in a defined biological context. The act of breathing determines and defines our holobiont: how we react and who we are. The article reviews the fascial structure that involves and forms the diaphragm muscle with the aim of changing the vision of this complex muscle: from an anatomical and mechanistic form to a fractal and asynchronous form. Another step forward for understanding the diaphragm muscle is that it is not only covered, penetrated and made up of connective tissue, but the contractile tissue itself is a fascial tissue with the same embryological derivation. All the diaphragm muscle is fascia.

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The deep fascia and its role in chronic pain and pathological conditions: A review

2022

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The deep fascia is a three‐dimensional continuum of connective tissue surrounding the bones, muscles, nerves and blood vessels throughout our body. Its importance in chronically debilitating conditions has recently been brought to light. This work investigates changes in these tissues in pathological settings. A state‐of‐the‐art review was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar following a two‐stage process. A first search was performed to identify main types of deep fasciae. A second search was performed to identify studies considering a deep fascia, common pathologies of this deep fascia and the associated alterations in tissue anatomy. We find that five main deep fasciae pathologies are chronic low back pain, chronic neck pain, Dupuytren's disease, plantar fasciitis and iliotibial band syndrome. The corresponding fasciae are respectively the thoracolumbar fascia, the cervical fascia, the palmar fascia, the plantar fascia and the iliotibial tract. Pathological fascia is characterized by increased tissue stiffness along with alterations in myofibroblast activity and the extra‐cellular matrix, both in terms of collagen and Matrix Metalloproteases (MMP) levels. Innervation changes such as increased density and sensitization of nociceptive nerve fibers are observed. Additionally, markers of inflammation such as pro‐inflammatory cytokines and immune cells are documented. Pain originating from the deep fascia likely results from a combination of increased nerve density, sensitization and chronic nociceptive stimulation, whether physical or chemical. The pathological fascia is characterized by changes in innervation, immunology and tissue contracture. Further investigation is required to best benefit both research opportunities and patient care.

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The indeterminable resilience of the fascial system

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

New Proposal to Define the Fascial System

New Proposal to Define the Fascial System

The Fascial Breath

The deep fascia and its role in chronic pain and pathological conditions: A review

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