The independent roles of temperature and thermal perception in the control of human thermoregulatory behavior

Schlader, Zachary J.; Simmons, Shona E.; Stannard, Stephen R.; Mündel, Toby

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.02.002

Cited by 225 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…We interpreted such findings to indicate that skin temperature is an important and capable controller in the decision to behaviorally thermoregulate, and that skin temperature is dictating this behavior via its modulation of thermal discomfort, a pre-requisite in the initiation of thermal behavior. 5 These findings also indicate that behavior, in the current paradigm, acts to prevent changes in core temperature, supporting the notion that behavior is our "first line of defense" for regulating body temperature. Perhaps most importantly however, such findings also raise several intriguing questions.…”

Section: Behavior-our First Line Of Thermal Defense?supporting

confidence: 76%

The relative overlooking of human behavioral temperature regulation: An issue worth resolving

Schlader

2014

Temperature

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Section: Behavior-our First Line Of Thermal Defense?supporting

confidence: 76%

The relative overlooking of human behavioral temperature regulation: An issue worth resolving

Schlader

2014

Temperature

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“…5). The higher RPE recorded during the final two time trials, the point at which thermal strain was greatest, may partly relate to sensations of thermal discomfort exacerbating those of perceived exertion (38,39). It has also been suggested that the central nervous system integrates afferent sensory information to align work rate with an acceptable RPE during self-paced exercise (41,45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-paced exercise in hot and cool conditions is associated with the maintenance of %V̇o_2peak within a narrow range

Périard

Racinais

2015

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Périard JD, Racinais S. Self-paced exercise in hot and cool conditions is associated with the maintenance of %V O2peak within a narrow range. J Appl Physiol 118: 1258 -1265. First published March 26, 2015 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00084.2015.-This study examined the time course and extent of decrease in peak oxygen uptake (V O2peak) during self-paced exercise in HOT (35°C and 60% relative humidity) and COOL (18°C and 40% relative humidity) laboratory conditions. Ten well-trained cyclists completed four consecutive 16.5-min time trials (15-min self-paced effort with 1.5-min maximal end-spurt to determine V O2peak) interspersed by 5 min of recovery on a cycle ergometer in each condition. Rectal temperature increased significantly more in HOT (39.4 Ϯ 0.7°C) than COOL (38.6 Ϯ 0.3°C; P Ͻ 0.001). Power output was lower throughout HOT compared with COOL (P Ͻ 0.001). The decrease in power output from trial 1 to 4 was ϳ16% greater in HOT (P Ͻ 0.001). Oxygen uptake (V O2) was lower throughout HOT than COOL (P Ͻ 0.05), except at 5 min and during the end-spurt in trial 1. In HOT, V O2peak reached 97, 89, 85, and 85% of predetermined maximal V O2, whereas in COOL 97, 94, 93, and 92% were attained. Relative exercise intensity (%V O2peak) during trials 1 and 2 was lower in HOT (ϳ84%) than COOL (ϳ86%; P Ͻ 0.05), decreasing slightly during trials 3 and 4 (ϳ80 and ϳ85%, respectively; P Ͻ 0.05). However, heart rate was higher throughout HOT (P ϭ 0.002), and ratings of perceived exertion greater during trials 3 and 4 in HOT (P Ͻ 0.05). Consequently, the regulation of self-paced exercise appears to occur in conjunction with the maintenance of %V O2peak within a narrow range (80-85% V O2peak). This range widens under heat stress, however, when exercise becomes protracted and a disassociation develops between relative exercise intensity, heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion. cardiovascular strain; cycling; fatigue; hyperthermia; pacing; thermoregulation; time trial; V O2max SELF-PACED (I.E., TIME TRIAL) exercise requires the completion of a known distance in the quickest possible time or the production of the greatest amount of work in a set duration (1, 11). When undertaken in the heat, prolonged self-paced exercise performance is significantly impaired relative to cool conditions (10,27,28,42,46). The impairment in performance is mediated by the complex interplay of multiple physiological systems (e.g., nervous, metabolic) (8,34,45), with the development of thermal strain potentially modulating a performance-limiting increase in cardiovascular strain (5,27,28,30). Indeed, a narrowing core-to-skin temperature gradient during exercise-heat stress increases the skin blood flow requirement for heat dissipation (5,35,36). The combination of an increase in cutaneous blood volume and a temperature-mediated rise in intrinsic heart rate decreases cardiac filling, which leads to reductions in stroke volume and maximal cardiac output when heart rate approaches maximum (6,13,15,36). During prolonged constant-load exercise to exhaustion...

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“…Collectively this data suggest that the thermal sensitivity of the face must be of physiological importance. By thermally or non thermally stimulating the face using convective heating or cooling or topical application of menthol or capsicum (respectively), Schlader et al [4033] demonstrated that under neutral conditions (20.3 ± 0.2°C, 48 ± 3% RH) the face is capable of modulating thermoregulatory behavior during exercise. Although no data is available about the role of facial thermal sensitivity on thermoregulatory behavior during rest or in older individuals we speculate that thermal sensitivity is persevered at the forehead to maintain behavioural thermoregulation throughout the life span.…”

Section: Effect Of Ageing and Regional Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in age-related changes on peripheral warm and cold innocuous thermal sensitivity

Inoue

Gerrett

Ichinose-Kuwahara

et al. 2016

Physiology & Behavior

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The independent roles of temperature and thermal perception in the control of human thermoregulatory behavior

Cited by 225 publications

References 61 publications

The relative overlooking of human behavioral temperature regulation: An issue worth resolving

The relative overlooking of human behavioral temperature regulation: An issue worth resolving

Self-paced exercise in hot and cool conditions is associated with the maintenance of %V̇o_2peak within a narrow range

Sex differences in age-related changes on peripheral warm and cold innocuous thermal sensitivity

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The independent roles of temperature and thermal perception in the control of human thermoregulatory behavior

Cited by 225 publications

References 61 publications

The relative overlooking of human behavioral temperature regulation: An issue worth resolving

The relative overlooking of human behavioral temperature regulation: An issue worth resolving

Self-paced exercise in hot and cool conditions is associated with the maintenance of %V̇o2peak within a narrow range

Sex differences in age-related changes on peripheral warm and cold innocuous thermal sensitivity

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Product

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Self-paced exercise in hot and cool conditions is associated with the maintenance of %V̇o_2peak within a narrow range