The increasing recalcitrance of smokers in clinical trials II: Pharmacotherapy trials

Irvin, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1080/14622200307261

Cited by 36 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…This scientifi c work has been stimulated, at least in part, by the observation that a signifi cant percentage of smokers attempting cessation lapse to smoking within a matter of days and very few of these individuals recover to achieve abstinence ( Brown, Kahler, Niaura, et al, 2001 ;Cook, Gerkovich, O'Connell, & Potocky, 1995 ;Doherty, Kinnunen, Militello, & Garvey, 1995 ;Garvey, Bliss, Hitchcock, Heinold, & Rosner, 1992 ). It also rests on the larger recognition that the general population contains signifi cant numbers of at-risk, recalcitrant smokers ( Augustson & Marcus, 2004 ) and that targeted efforts to develop specialized treatment for such subgroups of smokers have been inadequate Irvin & Brandon, 2000 ;Lichtenstein & Glasgow, 1992 ;Niaura & Abrams, 2002 ;Shiffman, 1993 ). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective examination of distress tolerance and early smoking lapse in adult self-quitters

Brown¹,

Lejuez²,

Strong³

et al. 2009

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

150

165

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Auditory Serial Addition Test (a psychological challenge task) was not a signifi cant predictor of earlier smoking lapse.Discussion: These results are discussed in relation to refi ning theoretical models of the role of distress tolerance in early smoking lapse and the utility of such models in the development of specialized treatment approaches for smoking cessation. IntroductionAn increased level of theoretical and empirical attention has focused on better understanding the nature of early smoking lapse in the context of smoking cessation ( Brown, Lejuez, Kahler, Strong, & Zvolensky, 2005 ). This scientifi c work has been stimulated, at least in part, by the observation that a signifi cant percentage of smokers attempting cessation lapse to smoking within a matter of days and very few of these individuals recover to achieve abstinence ( Brown, Kahler, Niaura, et al., 2001 ;Cook, Gerkovich, O'Connell, & Potocky, 1995 ;Doherty, Kinnunen, Militello, & Garvey, 1995 ;Garvey, Bliss, Hitchcock, Heinold, & Rosner, 1992 ). It also rests on the larger recognition that the general population contains signifi cant numbers of at-risk, recalcitrant smokers ( Augustson & Marcus, 2004 ) and that targeted efforts to develop specialized treatment for such subgroups of smokers have been inadequate Irvin & Brandon, 2000 ;Lichtenstein & Glasgow, 1992 ;Niaura & Abrams, 2002 ;Shiffman, 1993 ). AbstractIntroduction: A signifi cant percentage of smokers attempting cessation lapse to smoking within a matter of days, and current models of relapse devote insuffi cient attention to such early smoking lapse. Studies attempting to relate severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms to short-term smoking cessation outcomes have yielded equivocal results. How one reacts to the discomfort of nicotine withdrawal and quitting smoking (i.e., distress tolerance) may be a more promising avenue of investigation with important treatment implications. Methods:The present investigation examined distress tolerance and early smoking lapse using a prospective design. Participants were 81 adult daily smokers recruited through newspaper advertisements targeted at smokers planning to quit smoking without assistance (i.e., no pharmacotherapy or psychosocial treatment; 42 males and 39 females; mean age = 42.6 years, SD = 12.20).Results: As hypothesized, both greater breath-holding duration and carbon dioxide -enriched air persistence were associated with a signifi cantly lower risk of smoking lapse following an unaided quit attempt. These effects were above and beyond the risk associated with levels of nicotine dependence, education, and history of major depressive disorder, suggesting that distress tolerance and task persistence may operate independently of risk factors such as nicotine dependence and depressive history. In contrast to expectation, persistence on the Paced

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective examination of distress tolerance and early smoking lapse in adult self-quitters

Brown¹,

Lejuez²,

Strong³

et al. 2009

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

150

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We first examined the potential for a hardening shift, which is represented by an increasing deviance-proneness of adolescent marijuana users during historical lows in the prevalence of use. Hardening shifts were first introduced in the adult smoking literature to characterize the current "hard core" treatment-resistant population of smokers who are more nicotine-dependent, less educated and more likely to have co-morbid psychiatric disorders than the general population of smokers had been when smoking prevalence was higher (Irvin, Hendricks, & Brandon, 2003). In the adolescent smoking population, this hardening shift has been more specifically framed with respect to the prevailing deviance-proneness of the population.…”

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confidence: 99%

Historical Change in the Link between Adolescent Deviance Proneness and Marijuana Use, 1979–2004

et al. 2008

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We examined historical change in the association between adolescent deviance proneness and marijuana use using 26 years (from 1979 through 2004) of national 12 th grade data from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study. "Deviance proneness" was measured using a latent factor model of behavioral and personality characteristics that underlie both substance use and antisocial disorders. Marijuana use outcomes were measured in terms of youths' annual frequency of use, and youths' degree of involvement with marijuana. Separate within-gender structural equation models were used to determine whether links between deviance proneness and marijuana use were consistently significant and invariant in magnitude across 13 2-year historical cohorts. Overall results affirmed the established association between adolescent deviance proneness and both the frequency of marijuana use as well as regular use. Among male youth, the size of the association between deviance proneness and marijuana use was significantly smaller at the cohort of lowest population prevalence (1991/92) compared to cohorts marking peaks in marijuana use prevalence, thus suggesting a "softening" historical trend. By contrast, the prediction of female marijuana use from deviance proneness was not consistently related to historical shifts in population prevalence of marijuana use. Study findings point to the utility of risk-focused prevention programming that targets early precursors of both antisocial and substance use disorders.

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“…A widespread theory, expressed as the "hardening hypothesis," is that the current population of smokers has become increasingly refractory to quitting (Hughes, 1996;Irvin & Brandon, 2000). The inference is that those who continue to smoke despite strong social pressures to quit possess attributes that make it especially difficult to stop smoking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

History of depression and smoking cessation outcome: A meta-analysis.

Hitsman¹,

Borrelli²,

McChargue³

et al. 2003

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

232

158

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The authors conducted a meta-analysis of published studies to (a) evaluate the premise that a history of major depression is associated with failure to quit smoking and (b) identify factors that moderate the relationship between history of depression and cessation outcome. Fifteen studies met the selection requirements and were coded for various study methodology and treatment characteristics. DSTAT was used to calculate individual study effect sizes, determine the mean effect size across studies, and test for moderator effects. No differences in either short-term (Յ 3 months) or long-term abstinence rates (Ն 6 months) were observed between smokers positive versus negative for history of depression. Lifetime history of major depression does not appear to be an independent risk factor for cessation failure in smoking cessation treatment.

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The increasing recalcitrance of smokers in clinical trials II: Pharmacotherapy trials

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

A prospective examination of distress tolerance and early smoking lapse in adult self-quitters

A prospective examination of distress tolerance and early smoking lapse in adult self-quitters

Historical Change in the Link between Adolescent Deviance Proneness and Marijuana Use, 1979–2004

History of depression and smoking cessation outcome: A meta-analysis.

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