The increasing rate of global mean sea-level rise during 1993–2014

Chen, Xianyao; Zhang, Xuebin; Church, John A.; Watson, CS; King, Matt; Monselesan, Didier; Legrésy, B.; Harig, C.

doi:10.1038/nclimate3325

Cited by 346 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Satellite observations from altimetry and GRACE show the accelerated GrIS melting since 1990s led to an accelerated rise in global mean sea level (GMSL) from 2.4 ± 0.2 mm/year in 1993 to 2.9 ± 0.3 mm/year in 2014 (Chen et al, ), and the contribution from Greenland is 0.76 ± 0.1 mm/year for the period 2005 to present (Cazenave, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decelerated Greenland Ice Sheet Melt Driven by Positive Summer North Atlantic Oscillation

et al. 2019

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The abrupt deceleration of accelerated Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) melting since 2013, after a period of acceleration previously noted, is studied here. It is shown that the deceleration of GrIS melting since 2013 is due to the reduction in short‐wave solar radiation in the presence of increasing total cloud cover, which is driven by a more persistent positive summer North Atlantic Oscillation on the decadal time scale. By presenting the coherence with the temperature variability at the weather stations in Greenland, which have century‐long records, we deduce that the acceleration of GrIS melting during the early 2000s and the subsequent deceleration since 2013 will reoccur frequently on decadal time scales, with the amplitude nearly half of the multidecadal warming trend of the GrIS melt. It can reduce the mass loss from the GrIS on short to medium time scales but is unlikely to halt mass loss related to climate change in the future. This finding highlights the importance of internal climate variability on the mass budget of the GrIS and therefore on predictions of future global sea level change and may help to assist planning for associated social and economic consequences.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decelerated Greenland Ice Sheet Melt Driven by Positive Summer North Atlantic Oscillation

et al. 2019

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“…EMD has been used for specific applications, such as biomedical engineering, speech processing, and geophysical studies (e.g., Carmona & Poveda, 2014;Chen et al, 2013Chen et al, , 2017Wang et al, 2015;Xu et al, 2014), and it also provides a means for efficient signal denoising. Indeed, when applied to a signal containing pure fractional Gaussian noise, EMD acts as a dyadic filter bank.…”

Section: Methods: Emd Of Along-track Altimeter Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Surface Wave‐Current Signatures From Satellite Altimeter Measurements

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Chapron

2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Ocean currents can strongly impact the propagation of swell systems. Satellite altimetry routinely provides measurements of ocean surface significant wave heights (Hs). A self‐consistent space‐scale decomposition is applied to Hs measurements obtained from different altimeters. This method helps reveal overlooked statistical properties at scales less than 100 km, where mesoscale and submesoscale upper ocean circulation drives a significant part of the variability in the coupled ocean‐atmosphere system. In particular, systematic signatures related to wave‐current interactions are clear at global and regional scales. In the Agulhas current system, the proposed space‐scale decomposition further reveals organized and persistent patterns. To leading order, the redistribution of swell energy follows the cumulative impact of the large‐scale current vorticity field on wave train kinematics. This relationship causes significant swell ray deflection and localized trapping phenomena, which are adequately captured by altimeter measurements.

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“…The daily FC transport across the Florida Strait (Baringer & Larsen, 2001;Meinen et al, 2010) was obtained from NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory web (www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/floridacurrent/). EMD is a nonparametric, nonlinear signal processing tool that has been used in recent years for numerous studies of sea level variability (Chen et al, 2017;Ezer, 2013Ezer, , 2015Ezer et al, 2013;Ezer & Corlett, 2012;Kenigson & Han, 2014;Park & Sweet, 2015;Wdowinski et al, 2016). The altimeter data provided daily sea surface height (SSH) data on 1/4°grid for 1993-2017 (25 years) over the domain in Figure 1, as well as geostrophic velocity in two regions (white boxes in Figure 1) To separate variations in the data into different time scales, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD, Huang et al, 1998) analysis method was used.…”

Section: /2019ef001174mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Differences in Sea Level Rise Between the Mid‐Atlantic Bight and the South Atlantic Bight: Is the Gulf Stream to Blame?

Ezer

2019

Earth's Future

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Recent studies appear to show that a "hot spot" for accelerated sea level rise (SLR) shifted around 2010 from the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) to the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) and south Florida. The role of the Gulf Stream (GS) in this shift was thus investigated. The findings show that in the~15-20 years before, SLR was accelerating in the MAB due to weakening and southward shifting of the GS. After 2010, however, SLR started slowing down in the MAB due to strengthening and northward shifting of the GS. Thermosteric effects seen in altimeter data indicate a warming trend south of 35°N that started around 2010 and contributed to increased SLR south of Cape Hatteras. However, in the MAB, after the GS separated from the coast, the warming of the Subtropical Gyre and cooling of nearshore waters resulted in an opposite SLR response and strengthening of the GS front. Oscillations with periods of 2-5 years dominated the GS flow and coastal sea level variability, but the GS in the MAB is often out of phase with the GS in the SAB due to eddies and recirculation gyres. These oscillations can create temporal changes in SLR rates that are~10 times larger than the long-term trend, so recent changes in the local "hot spot" may not be interpreted as a sign of a shift in the long-term trend, but more likely a temporal shift associated with interannual and decadal variations in the North Atlantic.Plain Language Summary Regional changes in sea level rise (SLR) rates along the U.S. EastCoast and the role of the Gulf Stream (GS) in those changes are investigated, explaining why the largest SLR rates were found north of Cape Hatteras before 2010 and south of Cape Hatteras after 2010. Before 2010 SLR was accelerating in the MAB due to weakening and southward shifting of the GS, but after 2010 SLR started slowing down in the MAB due to strengthening and northward shifting of the GS. Because of the GS dynamics and its distance to shore, a warming trend south of 35°N that started around 2010 had different sea level response in the north and south. Oscillations with periods of 2-5 years were also investigated.

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The increasing rate of global mean sea-level rise during 1993–2014

Cited by 346 publications

References 42 publications

Decelerated Greenland Ice Sheet Melt Driven by Positive Summer North Atlantic Oscillation

Decelerated Greenland Ice Sheet Melt Driven by Positive Summer North Atlantic Oscillation

Ocean Surface Wave‐Current Signatures From Satellite Altimeter Measurements

Regional Differences in Sea Level Rise Between the Mid‐Atlantic Bight and the South Atlantic Bight: Is the Gulf Stream to Blame?

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