The increasing incidence of empyema

Burgos, Joaquín; Falcó, Vicenç; Pahissa, Albert

doi:10.1097/mcp.0b013e3283606ab5

Cited by 78 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Serotypes 1 and 3 have been associated with empyema, and because they are not included in PCV7, serotype replacement may cause increased rates of empyema after vaccine introduction. 36 An increase in staphylococcal empyema or empyema of unknown etiology has been described, as well as an increase in pneumonia complicated by empyema, from 3.7 cases per 100 000 children to 10.3 after vaccine introduction in the United States. [35][36][37] As was found in earlier studies, we found a nearly twofold increase in hospitalizations for empyema in children aged ,2 years; this was nonsignificant, probably because of low numbers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 An increase in staphylococcal empyema or empyema of unknown etiology has been described, as well as an increase in pneumonia complicated by empyema, from 3.7 cases per 100 000 children to 10.3 after vaccine introduction in the United States. [35][36][37] As was found in earlier studies, we found a nearly twofold increase in hospitalizations for empyema in children aged ,2 years; this was nonsignificant, probably because of low numbers. The highest incidence of empyema was observed in 2007 to 2009, immediately after introduction of PCV7, indicating that factors other than the vaccine may have contributed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sinusitis and Pneumonia Hospitalization After Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

Lindstrand

Bennet²,

Galanis

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia and sinusitis. Pneumonia kills >1 million children annually, and sinusitis is a potentially serious pediatric disease that increases the risk of orbital and intracranial complications. Although pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is effective against invasive pneumococcal disease, its effectiveness against pneumonia is less consistent, and its effect on sinusitis is not known. We compared hospitalization rates due to sinusitis, pneumonia, and empyema before and after sequential introduction of PCV7 and PCV13. METHOD: All children 0 to <18 years old hospitalized for sinusitis, pneumonia, or empyema in Stockholm County, Sweden, from 2003 to 2012 were included in a population-based study of hospital registry data on hospitalizations due to sinusitis, pneumonia, or empyema. Trend analysis, incidence rates, and rate ratios (RRs) were calculated comparing July 2003 to June 2007 with July 2008 to June 2012, excluding the year of PCV7 introduction. RESULTS: Hospitalizations for sinusitis decreased significantly in children aged 0 to <2 years, from 70 to 24 cases per 100 000 population (RR = 0.34, P < .001). Hospitalizations for pneumonia decreased significantly in children aged 0 to <2 years, from 450 to 366 per 100 000 population (RR = 0.81, P < .001) and in those aged 2 to <5 years from 250 to 212 per 100 000 population (RR = 0.85, P = .002). Hospitalization for empyema increased nonsignificantly. Trend analyses showed increasing hospitalization for pneumonia in children 0 to <2 years before intervention and confirmed a decrease in hospitalizations for sinusitis and pneumonia in children aged 0 to <5 years after intervention. CONCLUSIONS: PCV7 and PCV13 vaccination led to a 66% lower risk of hospitalization for sinusitis and 19% lower risk of hospitalization for pneumonia in children aged 0 to <2 years, in a comparison of 4 years before and 4 years after vaccine introduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinusitis and Pneumonia Hospitalization After Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

Lindstrand

Bennet²,

Galanis

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most pediatric empyema cases are due to S pneumoniae; however, even with the emergence of heptavalent proteinpolysaccharide conjugate vaccine, the incidence of empyema in children under two doubled after its release; the rates among children aged 2e4 nearly tripled [6], prompting development of a 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine in 2010. Since that time there has been evidence that complicated pneumococcal pneumonia may be declining [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Antibiotic utilization based on primary treatment of pediatric empyema

Gonzalez

Dalton

Myers

et al. 2015

Journal of Surgical Research

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“…The incidence of ET seems to have been increasing both in children and adults worldwide. [8] Peak incidence of ET between 21-40 yrs. age had been reported in previous studies.…”

Section: Types Of Underlying Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%