The Increasing Incidence of Congenital Penile Anomalies in the United States

Nelson, Caleb P.; Park, John M.; Wan, Julian; Bloom, David A.; Dunn, Rodney L.; Wei, John T.

doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000179249.21944.7e

Cited by 110 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Several epidemiological studies have documented a deterioration in male reproductive health in the last few decades (13,14,16,(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47), and a similar phenomenon has been reported in numerous wildlife species (48)(49)(50)(51)(52). In addition, the evidence from wildlife observations, registers of genital malformations and diethylstilbestrol (DES)-exposed human male fetuses, and experimental data from animals and cells all have increased the suspicion that fetal exposure to EDCs could adversely affect fetal male sex differentiation (9-11, 15, 23, 49-53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Idiopathic’ partial androgen insensitivity syndrome in 28 newborn and infant males: impact of prenatal exposure to environmental endocrine disruptor chemicals?

Gaspari

Paris

Philibert

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: 46,XY disorders of sex differentiation (46,XY DSD) can be due to a testis determination defect, an androgen biosynthesis defect, or androgen resistance (complete or partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS), or 5a reductase deficiency). We aimed to evaluate the impact of a prenatal contamination by environmental xenoestrogens in 'idiopathic' PAIS-like phenotype. Subjects: We investigated 28 newborn/infant males with 46,XY DSD, normal androgen production, and no androgen receptor or steroid-5aR type II enzyme (SRD5A2) gene mutations. Methods: To exclude other genetic defects, we sequenced the steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) and mastermind-like domain-containing 1 (MAMLD1) genes, which were recently found to be associated with the PAIS-like phenotype. Parents were interviewed about their environmental/occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) before/during the patients' fetal life. Total estrogenic bioactivity of patient serum was analyzed by ultrasensitive bioassay. Results: All the patients had normal SF1 sequence and one patient showed a double polymorphism of MAMLD1. Eleven (39.3%) of the 28 patients had reported parental fetal exposure to EDCs. The mean estrogenic bioactivity in these 11 patients with fetal EDC exposure (6.65G8.07 pg/ml) versus 17 cases without contamination (1.27G0.34 pg/ml) and controls (1.06G0.44 pg/ml; P!0.05) was elevated. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the 'idiopathic' PAIS-like phenotype may in some cases be related to EDC contamination during fetal life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Idiopathic’ partial androgen insensitivity syndrome in 28 newborn and infant males: impact of prenatal exposure to environmental endocrine disruptor chemicals?

Gaspari

Paris

Philibert

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…With an incidence of one in 200 live male births, hypospadias correction is one of the common surgical procedures performed by pediatric urologists. 1,2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current hypospadias management: Diagnosis, surgical management, and long-term patient-centred outcomes

Keays

Davé

2017

CUAJ

110

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“…Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation that is readily recognized at birth. Epidemiological studies conducted worldwide report a prevalence rate within the range of 0.4 -0.8 per 1000 births (303)(304)(305)(306). Denmark has a particularly high birth prevalence of 10 per 1000 births, which increased later to a level of 46 per 1000 births when additional mild cases were found after the foreskin could be retracted (307).…”

Section: Reproductive Tract Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small for Gestational Age: Short Stature and Beyond

et al. 2007

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Depending on the definitions used, up to 10% of all live-born neonates are small for gestational age (SGA). Although the vast majority of these children show catch-up growth by 2 yr of age, one in 10 does not. It is increasingly recognized that those who are born SGA are at risk of developing metabolic disease later in life. Reduced fetal growth has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The majority of pathology is seen in adults who show spontaneous catch-up growth as children. There is evidence to suggest that some of the metabolic consequences of intrauterine growth retardation in children born SGA can be mitigated by ensuring early appropriate catch-up growth, while avoiding excessive weight gain. Implicitly, this argument questions current infant formula feeding practices. The risk is less clear for individuals who do not show catch-up growth and who are treated with GH for short stature. Recent data, however, suggest that long-term treatment with GH does not increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome in young adults born SGA. (Endocrine Reviews 28: 219 -251, 2007)

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The Increasing Incidence of Congenital Penile Anomalies in the United States

Abstract: These nationally representative, weighted analyses reveal a significant increase in the incidence of CPA, with striking variation by race, region and SES. Further research into potential causes, as well as the observed disparities in incidence, is needed.

Cited by 110 publications

References 18 publications

‘Idiopathic’ partial androgen insensitivity syndrome in 28 newborn and infant males: impact of prenatal exposure to environmental endocrine disruptor chemicals?

‘Idiopathic’ partial androgen insensitivity syndrome in 28 newborn and infant males: impact of prenatal exposure to environmental endocrine disruptor chemicals?

Current hypospadias management: Diagnosis, surgical management, and long-term patient-centred outcomes

Small for Gestational Age: Short Stature and Beyond

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