The increasing importance of <i>Vermamoeba</i><i>vermiformis</i>

Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah; Makhlouf, Zinb; Khan, Naveed Ahmed

doi:10.1111/jeu.12857

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The pathogenic potential of V. vermiformis is not only determined by its ability to produce an infection by itself [ 3 , 48 , 49 ], but also by its numerous reported relationships with pathogenic bacteria [ 50 ]. Recently, V. vermiformis has been considered as one of the most prevalent free-living amoebae, and it has been reported as a ubiquitous and thermotolerant amoeba [ 51 ]. This amoeba was reported as the causative agent of a painful ulcer adjacent to the eye and in a case of amoebic keratitis [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Living Amoebae in Soil Samples from Santiago Island, Cape Verde

et al. 2021

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Free-Living Amoebae (FLA) are widely distributed protozoa, which contain some groups considered as pathogenic microorganisms. These members are able to produce several opportunistic diseases including epithelial disorders, such as keratitis and fatal encephalitis. Even though they have been reported in numerous sources, such as soils, dust and water, there is no legislation related to the presence of these protozoa in soil-related environments worldwide. Therefore, there are no established prevention or disinfection protocols to advise the population regarding FLA infections or eliminate these microorganisms from human-related environments to date. Acanthamoeba spp. are the most common FLA isolated in soil samples, which is also the most common genera found in clinical cases. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of potentially pathogenic FLA in human-related soil samples of Santiago Island, Cabo Verde. A total of 26 soil samples were seeded in non-nutrient agar plates (2%), incubated at 26 °C, and monitored daily to evaluate the presence of FLA. DNA was extracted from those plates on which there was suspected FLA growth, and PCR amplification of the 18S rRNA gene was carried out. A total of 17 from the 26 analysed samples were positive for FLA, where Acanthamoeba is the most abundant isolated genus (14/17; 82,4%), with the T4 genotype being the most common (13/14; 92,9%), followed by the T5 genotype, A. lenticulata (1/14; 7,1%). Moreover, Vermamoeba vermiformis, Stenamoeba dejonckheerei and Vannella pentlandi were isolated in three other samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of FLA presence in Cape Verde and the first report of V. vermiformis in beach sand worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Living Amoebae in Soil Samples from Santiago Island, Cape Verde

et al. 2021

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“…Regarding humans, V . vermiformis was reported to be associated with keratitis ( Fouque et al, 2015a ), an eye disease ( Siddiqui et al, 2021 ), and indirectly to Legionnaires’ disease ( Park, 2016 ), a disease that infects the human respiratory system ( König et al, 2019 ). Likewise, Vermamoeba served as a dwelling for pathogenic bacteria (develop endosymbiotic attributes; Scheid, 2019 ) such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ( Cateau et al, 2014 ), Candidatus Rubidus massiliensis ( Pagnier et al, 2015 ; Bou Khalil et al, 2016b ), Bacillus anthracis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Legionella spp., Neochlamydia hartmannellae , Waddlia as well as Chlamydia - like endosymbionts ( Masangkay et al, 2018 ) and Mycobacterium chelonae ( Cabello-Vílchez et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Vermamoeba Vermiformis As Host Cell Support: a Nove...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Giant Viruses Infecting Vermamoeba vermiformis

et al. 2022

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The discovery of Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus in 2003 using the free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba polyphaga caused a paradigm shift in the virology field. Twelve years later, using another amoeba as a host, i.e., Vermamoeba vermiformis, novel isolates of giant viruses have been discovered. This amoeba–virus relationship led scientists to study the evolution of giant viruses and explore the origins of eukaryotes. The purpose of this article is to review all the giant viruses that have been isolated from Vermamoeba vermiformis, compare their genomic features, and report the influence of these viruses on the cell cycle of their amoebal host. To date, viruses putatively belonging to eight different viral taxa have been described: 7 are lytic and 1 is non-lytic. The comparison of giant viruses infecting Vermamoeba vermiformis has suggested three homogenous groups according to their size, the replication time inside the host cell, and the number of encoding tRNAs. This approach is an attempt at determining the evolutionary origins and trajectories of the virus; therefore, more giant viruses infecting Vermamoeba must be discovered and studied to create a comprehensive knowledge on these intriguing biological entities.

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“…None; occurs in natural freshwater environments, surface water, soil, and biofilms. Humans are incidental hosts ( Scheid 2019 ; Scheid et al 2019 ; Siddiqui et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Checklist Of Eukaryotic Human Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae

Mathison¹,

Sapp²

2021

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The classification of “parasites” in the medical field is a challenging notion, a group which historically has included all eukaryotes exclusive of fungi that invade and derive resources from the human host. Since antiquity, humans have been identifying and documenting parasitic infections, and this collective catalog of parasitic agents has expanded considerably with technology. As our understanding of species boundaries and the use of molecular tools has evolved, so has our concept of the taxonomy of human parasites. Consequently, new species have been recognized while others have been relegated to synonyms. On the other hand, the decline of expertise in classical parasitology and limited curricula have led to a loss of awareness of many rarely encountered species. Here, we provide a comprehensive checklist of all reported eukaryotic organisms (excluding fungi and allied taxa) parasitizing humans resulting in 274 genus-group taxa and 848 species-group taxa. For each species, or genus where indicated, a concise summary of geographic distribution, natural hosts, route of transmission and site within human host, and vectored pathogens are presented. Ubiquitous, human-adapted species as well as very rare, incidental zoonotic organisms are discussed in this annotated checklist. We also provide a list of 79 excluded genera and species that have been previously reported as human parasites but are not believed to be true human parasites or represent misidentifications or taxonomic changes.

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The increasing importance of Vermamoebavermiformis

Cited by 29 publications

References 87 publications

Free-Living Amoebae in Soil Samples from Santiago Island, Cape Verde

Free-Living Amoebae in Soil Samples from Santiago Island, Cape Verde

Diversity of Giant Viruses Infecting Vermamoeba vermiformis

An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae

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