The Increase of Exotic Zoonotic Helminth Infections

Gordon, Catherine A.; McManus, Donald P.; Jones, Malcolm K.; Gray, Darren J.; Gobert, Geoffrey N.

doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2015.12.002

Cited by 45 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 518 publications

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“…Additionally, migratory flows linked to climate change [ 9 ] will also modify the geographic distribution of susceptible populations [ 41 ]. This will promote the emergence of re-emerging or exotic zoonotic diseases in nonendemic areas [ 42 ]. Moreover, in the regions that will present difficulties in ensuring access to drinking water, human populations and livestock will be exposed to diarrheal diseases [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Background: How Climate Change Is Impacting On Health In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change Impacts on Disaster and Emergency Medicine Focusing on Mitigation Disruptive Effects: an International Perspective

Ghazali

Guericolas²,

Thys

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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In recent decades, climate change has been responsible for an increase in the average temperature of the troposphere and of the oceans, with consequences on the frequency and intensity of many extreme weather phenomena. Climate change’s effects on natural disasters can be expected to induce a rise in humanitarian crises. In addition, it will surely impact the population’s long-term general health, especially among the most fragile. There are foreseeable health risks that both ambulatory care organizations and hospitals will face as global temperatures rise. These risks include the geographic redistribution of infectious (particularly zoonotic) diseases, an increase in cardiac and respiratory illnesses, as well as a host of other health hazards. Some of these risks have been detailed for most developed countries as well as for some developing countries. Using these existing risk assessments as a template, organizational innovations as well as implementation strategies should be proposed to mitigate the disruptive effects of these health risks on emergency departments and by extension, reduce the negative impact of climate change on the populations they serve.

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Section: Background: How Climate Change Is Impacting On Health In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change Impacts on Disaster and Emergency Medicine Focusing on Mitigation Disruptive Effects: an International Perspective

Ghazali

Guericolas²,

Thys

et al. 2018

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Species included in the term STH are the human hookworm species Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus , the human roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides , and the human whipworm Trichuris trichiura [ 3 ]. Hookworm and Trichuris have zoonotic counterparts ( A. caninum, A. ceylanicum, T. suis, and T. vulpis ) [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. A. lumbricoides itself is a zoonosis as the previously-identified pig roundworm, A. suum , has been found through molecular characterisation to be nearly identical to A. lumbricoides, and instead represents a haplotype of A. lumbricoides [ 6 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Tropical Australia and Asia

et al. 2017

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Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infect 2 billion people worldwide including significant numbers in South-East Asia (SEA). In Australia, STH are of less concern; however, indigenous communities are endemic for STH, including Strongyloides stercoralis, as well as for serious clinical infections due to other helminths such as Toxocara spp. The zoonotic hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum is also present in Australia and SEA, and may contribute to human infections particularly among pet owners. High human immigration rates to Australia from SEA, which is highly endemic for STH Strongyloides and Toxocara, has resulted in a high prevalence of these helminthic infections in immigrant communities, particularly since such individuals are not screened for worm infections upon entry. In this review, we consider the current state of STH infections in Australia and SEA.

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“…In Europe, climate change has already impacted the transmission of vector-borne diseases by expanding tropical and subtropical zones and this has led to increases in the survivability zones for insect vectors, particularly mosquitoes. This has resulted in the spread of Dirofilaria species, zoonotic filarial nematodes which utilise mosquitoes as transmission vectors, into new areas in Europe [ 6 ]. Other species capable of transmitting LF are already present in Australia, such as C. quinquefasciatus , and An.…”

Section: Mosquito Hosts For Lfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, there are 856 million people in 52 countries worldwide that are at risk of infection with the three species of nematodes which cause LF, including W. bancrofti , which accounts for 90% of LF cases [ 4 ], and Brugia malayi and B. timori , which are responsible for the remainder [ 5 ]. There are a number of other filarial nematodes, including zoonotic species, which can also cause infections in humans but do not present as LF [ 6 ]. In this review, we will be concentrating primarily on W. bancrofti only due to our focus on Oceania and the Pacific, where Brugia species are less common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A focus was recorded for Brisbane, the capital city of the state of Queensland, where Bancroft practiced medicine [ 7 ]. Autochthonous cases have not been described since 1956 [ 8 ] in Australia, but returned travelers and service personnel, as well as immigrants and refugees, are a potential source of LF [ 6 , 9 ]. Our closest Pacific neighbours, Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Indonesia, remain endemic and could be the source of potential new cases and new invasive mosquito species capable of transmitting the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The History of Bancroftian Lymphatic Filariasis in Australasia and Oceania: Is There a Threat of Re-Occurrence in Mainland Australia?

2018

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Lymphatic filariasis (LF) infects an estimated 120 million people worldwide, with a further 856 million considered at risk of infection and requiring preventative chemotherapy. The majority of LF infections are caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, named in honour of the Australian physician Joseph Bancroft, with the remainder due to Brugia malayi and B. timori. Infection with LF through the bite of an infected mosquito, can lead to the development of the condition known as elephantiasis, where swelling due to oedema leads to loss of function in the affected area and thickening of the skin, ‘like an elephant’. LF has previously been endemic in Australia, although currently, no autochthonous cases occur there. Human immigration to Australia from LF-endemic countries, including those close to Australia, and the presence of susceptible mosquitoes that can act as suitable vectors, heighten the possibility of the reintroduction of LF into this country. In this review, we examine the history of LF in Australia and Oceania and weigh up the potential risk of its re-occurrence on mainland Australia.

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The Increase of Exotic Zoonotic Helminth Infections

Cited by 45 publications

References 518 publications

Climate Change Impacts on Disaster and Emergency Medicine Focusing on Mitigation Disruptive Effects: an International Perspective

Climate Change Impacts on Disaster and Emergency Medicine Focusing on Mitigation Disruptive Effects: an International Perspective

Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Tropical Australia and Asia

The History of Bancroftian Lymphatic Filariasis in Australasia and Oceania: Is There a Threat of Re-Occurrence in Mainland Australia?

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