The inclusion of scalar dissipation rate in modeling of an n-dodecane spray flame using flamelet generated manifold

Multi‐Scale Analysis of Dispersive Scalar Transport Across Porous Media Under Globally Nonlinear Flow Conditions

“…The scalar dissipation rate is a measure of the rate at which a scalar quantity is mixed and dispersed in a fluid flow. In other words, it represents the rate at which the scalar field is diffused and smoothed out by the turbulence in the flow (Bao et al., 2023; Wandel, 2023). These frequency distributions reveal that the Forchheimer regime is generally characterized by more locations where non‐zero local concentration gradients can be found than the Darcy‐ flow regime, even as there is a considerable number of occurrences of very small gradient values (see, e.g., Figure 9d).…”

Large-Eddy Simulation of Dual-Fuel Spray Ignition at Varying Levels of Methane Diluted Ambient Oxidizer Using FGM

“…FGM parameterizes the full set of flamelet solutions as function of a reduced number of controlling variables. An FGM that takes the scalar dissipation rate, 𝜒, into account is applied [43]. 𝜒 is directly dependent on the strain rate applied on the boundary of the counterflow diffusion flame configuration.…”

“…It is thus included as an additional parameter to characterize the state of each flamelet. Including 𝜒 in FGM was previously shown to significantly affect the species formation and transition of LTC to HTC in rich-mixtures [43]. The other two controlling variables are mixture fraction 𝑍 and reaction progress variable 𝑌 𝑐 .…”

“…More details regarding retrieval algorithms and the top-hat filtering PDF can be found in Ref. [43,44].…”

“…This article aims to investigate DF sprays within a numerical framework. Following our previously presented modeling approach [43,44], the main objectives of the present research are: (1) to validate the application of FGM on DF combustion prediction, (2) to explore the flame development and characteristics of DF spray combustion, (3) to quantitatively define the effect of methane on 𝑛-dodecane spray ignition and the subsequent interactions between turbulent mixing and chemistry, and (4) to explore the corresponding local flame modes using Chemical explosive mode analysis (CEMA) [45].…”