The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit in Sudan

Abstract

Background There is a paucity of studies in acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit, particularly in Sudan. Objectives The current study has estimated the incidence; risk factors and outcomes of subjects with acute kidney injury developed during admission to the intensive care unit at Fedail Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the intensive care unit during the period from July 2018 to June 2019. The data was collected from the clinical profiles of all adult subjects' who have met the published criteria for acute kidney injury. Analysis of association (Chi square test χ 2) and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze data. Main outcome measure The development of acute kidney injury during the subjects' stay in the intensive care unit, length of hospital stay and death. Results From a total of 187 subjects admitted to the intensive care unit; only (105, 56.2%) have met the inclusion criteria (mean age was 61 ± 3.5 years). The main finding of the study was the high incidence of acute kidney injury 39%. The major significant predictors for the development of acute kidney injury with respective odds ratio (OR) were: sepsis (OR 7.

Predictors of Mortality in Adults with Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Dialysis: A Cohort Analysis

“…Similar figures have been found in studies of other countries such as Burundi (17.4%) [ 15 ], Côte d'Ivoire (26.2%) [ 16 ], Burkina Faso (24%) [ 17 ], Nigeria (28.8%) [ 18 ], Ethiopia (29.1%) [ 19 ], and South Africa (31%) [ 20 ]. On the other hand, higher rates than ours were reported in Egypt (30% to 60%) [ 21 ], the United States (39%) [ 22 ], Japan (62%) [ 23 ], and Sudan (91%) [ 24 ]. This difference can be explained by a number of factors, including the sociodemographic characteristics of the study population.…”

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Acute Kidney Injury in Sub-Saharan African Adults: A Review of the Current Literature

“…After logistic regression, a Zimbabwean study found that the odds of developing AKI were 3.3 for elevated blood pressure and 6.0 for CKD [ 32 ]. In a Sudanese cohort, cardiovascular disease (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.4; 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI): 1.2–9.4), diabetes mellitus (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.2–6.0) and hypertension (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2–5.4) were significant predictors of the development of AKI [ 44 ].…”

“…As in developed countries, the major risk factors for AKI in SSA are comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and obesity, which are a corollary of the progressive westernisation of SSA society [32][33][34][44][45][46]. As Olowu et al point out, the rapid urbanisation of SSA combined with an increase in the prevalence of these noninfectious comorbidities have significantly influenced the clinical features of AKI [8].…”

Additional benefit of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy on sepsis syndrome-associated acute kidney injury in rat treated with antibiotic

“…Acute kidney injury (AKI) commonly takes place in critically ill patients, especially in those of adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. With the integration of consensus AKI definition criteria from Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage Kidney Disease (RIFLE), Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN), and the recent Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), incidence of AKI in adult ICU has been estimated to be around for 16-67% [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Clinically observational studies have even more shown that in a large 10-year cohort study that enrolled more than 90,000 patients from more than 20 ICUs, AKI incidence increased by 2.8% per year [3], highlighting that this disease entity is in the increasing process worldwide.…”

“…The fundamental causes of AKI have been keenly surveyed from many perspectives [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], including toxic substances such as chemical compounds and medicines, sepsis syndrome (SS)-associated ischemic kidney injury and acute ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, contrast medium, obstruction of the urinary tract, chronic advanced heart failure, hepato-renal syndrome, hypoperfusion/shock, etc. Additionally, acute kidney IR injury has been clearly identified as one of the crucial contributors of AKI [4,5,11,16], and majority of the causal etiologies of AKI can also contribute to acute IR injury in kidney [2,[16][17][18][19].…”