The incidence, prevalence and burden of OM in unselected children aged 1–8 years followed by weekly otoscopy through the “common cold” season

Mandel, Ellen M.; Doyle, William J.; Winther, Birgit; Alper, Cüneyt M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.12.008

Cited by 72 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Persistent populations of NTHI in vivo during chronic and recurrent otitis media are found within biofilm communities within the middle-ear chamber (19,40). Other factors that provide an environment for NTHI to cause infections include age, genetic predisposition, atopy, and immune system impairment (44), as well as Eustachian tube dysfunction and pressure dysregulation caused by virus-induced congestion (11,12,33). Biofilms have long been thought to promote microbial resistance to pharmaceutical or immune clearance during persistent infections (17,20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Initiates Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

et al. 2011

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Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is a leading cause of otitis media infections, which are often chronic and/or recurrent in nature. NTHI and other bacterial species persist in vivo within biofilms during otitis media and other persistent infections. These biofilms have a significant host component that includes neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These NETs do not mediate clearance of NTHI, which survives within NET structures by means of specific subpopulations of lipooligosaccharides on the bacterial surface that are determinants of biofilm formation in vitro. In this study, the ability of NTHI and NTHI components to initiate NET formation was examined using an in vitro model system. Both viable and nonviable NTHI strains were shown to promote NET formation, as did preparations of bacterial DNA, outer membrane proteins, and lipooligosaccharide (endotoxin). However, only endotoxin from a parental strain of NTHI exhibited equivalent potency in NET formation to that of NTHI. Additional studies showed that NTHI entrapped within NET structures is resistant to both extracellular killing within NETs and phagocytic killing by incoming neutrophils, due to oligosaccharide moieties within the lipooligosaccharides. Thus, we concluded that NTHI elicits NET formation by means of multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns (most notably endotoxin) and is highly resistant to killing within NET structures. These data support the conclusion that, for NTHI, formation of NET structures may be a persistence determinant by providing a niche within the middle-ear chamber.Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is a common commensal of the human nasopharynx, in which setting carriage is usually asymptomatic and without adverse effect. When host mucociliary clearance is impaired, NTHI can cause localized opportunistic infections within the airway (14). For example, NTHI is a leading cause of otitis media (OM), which is among the most common and costly pediatric infections and can be a persistent and/or recurrent infection (30). Persistent populations of NTHI in vivo during chronic and recurrent otitis media are found within biofilm communities within the middle-ear chamber (19,40). Other factors that provide an environment for NTHI to cause infections include age, genetic predisposition, atopy, and immune system impairment (44), as well as Eustachian tube dysfunction and pressure dysregulation caused by virus-induced congestion (11,12,33). Biofilms have long been thought to promote microbial resistance to pharmaceutical or immune clearance during persistent infections (17,20). Bacterial factors important to NTHI biofilms include specific subsets of lipooligosaccharides (LOS) containing sialic acid and/or phosphorylcholine (23, 24, 45), pili (28), and double-stranded DNA (25,27). Our recent work demonstrated that NTHI biofilms also have a significant host component, including a double-stranded DNA lattice decorated with histones and elastase, that fits the defining traits of a neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) (22)....

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confidence: 99%

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Initiates Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

et al. 2011

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“…6 Synonyms for OME include ear fluid and serous, secretory, or nonsuppurative otitis media. About 2.2 million diagnosed episodes of OME occur annually in the United States at a cost of $4.0 billion.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Practice Guideline

Rosenfeld

Shin

Schwartz

et al. 2016

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

129

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The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation has published a supplement to this issue of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery featuring the updated "Clinical Practice Guideline: Otitis Media with Effusion." To assist in implementing the guideline recommendations, this article summarizes the rationale, purpose, and key action statements. The 18 recommendations developed emphasize diagnostic accuracy, identification of children who are most susceptible to developmental sequelae from otitis media with effusion, and education of clinicians and patients regarding the favorable natural history of most otitis media with effusion and the lack of efficacy for medical therapy (eg, steroids, antihistamines, decongestants). An updated guideline is needed due to new clinical trials, new systematic reviews, and the lack of consumer participation in the initial guideline development group. Keywords Differences from Prior GuidelineThis clinical practice guideline is an update and replacement for a guideline codeveloped in

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“…There was double the risk for the first episode of AOM in nursing infants exclusively fed on formulas, compared with nursing infants exclusively breast-fed for 6 months during the same period of life [82]. Mandel et al [83] followed up 148 children, aged 1.0-8.6 years, and showed that the lack of breastfeeding was one of the significant predictors of otitis media with effusion (OME) and AOM incidence. However, there are some studies that have not found a protective effect of breast-feeding in the risk of otitis media [84,85].…”

Section: Breast-feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Recurrent Acute Otitis Media and Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion in Childhood

Neto

Sih

2015

Otitis Media: State of the Art Concepts and Treatment

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The incidence, prevalence and burden of OM in unselected children aged 1–8 years followed by weekly otoscopy through the “common cold” season

Cited by 72 publications

References 31 publications

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Initiates Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Initiates Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

Clinical Practice Guideline

Risk Factors for Recurrent Acute Otitis Media and Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion in Childhood

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