The Incidence of the Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome

A conceptual model for work-related neck and upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders.

“…The "work relatedness" of musculoskeletal disorders is supported by numerous epidemiologic studies (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). (See table 1.)…”

Hypothenar hammer syndrome: Gray‐scale and color Doppler sonographic appearances

“…Patients may present with pain in the palm, paresthesia, numbness, and signs of vascular insufficiency such as coldness, pallor, discoloration, and blanching of the affected ulnar sided fingers, sometimes in combination with Raynaud's syndrome. 6 Usually described in men with industrial occupations involving repetitive blunt trauma or single severe trauma to the hands, [6][7][8] true or false aneurysms of the hand have also been described in athletes with sports-related injuries, including handball players, baseball catchers, and dancers. 5 Many cases are probably asymptomatic, and the condition is believed to be underdiagnosed.…”

Critical ischemia of the fingers in an auto mechanic as a result of occupational exposure

“…Kaji et al [11] indicate the presence of HHS in 9% of 330 employees whose work was associated with exposure to vibration. Little and Ferguson [12] demonstrated clinical and Doppler signs of HHS in 11 of 79 examined auto mechanics (14%). The differential diagnosis should include other, more common, causes of ischemic hands: Buerger's disease, primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon, systemic vasculitis, cardiac embolism, pulmonary arterio-arterial, arterio-arterial embolism, congenital or acquired hypercoagulability (thrombophilia), and thoracic outlet syndrome.…”