The Incidence of Respiratory Distress Syndrome among Preterm Infants Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or hyaline membrane disease (HMD) is the most common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. We aimed to determine the frequency of RDS among 3 groups of preterm infants and the value of some related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive analytical investigation was carried out in the NICU ward of Akbarabadi Hospital (Tehran-Iran) during spring 2011. Newborns' data were collected and assessed by using their hospital medical records. Seventy-three preterm infants with gestational age < 34 weeks were hospitalized in the NICU. All participants were divided into 3 groups: extremely preterm (<28 weeks), very preterm (28 to <32 weeks) and moderate preterm (32 to 34 weeks). Frequency of RDS and some related factors were compared among 3 groups. Results: RDS was observed in 65.6% of all participants; however frequency of RDS was not different between three groups. An inversely correlation was found between gestational age and mortality rate (p = 0.05). In regard to Betamethasone administration prior to birth, this interval was significantly longer in alive neonates in comparison to infants who died (p < 0.05). Conclusion: RDS was frequent in preterm neonates with gestational age < 32 weeks. Time of Betamethasone administration prior to birth can significantly influence on neonatal mortality rate.

Outcome of pre-term babies born in tertiary care institute

“…17 Shresta et al and karki et al, reported the most common condition leading to ICU admissions was respiratory distress. 14,18 In the present study majority of subjects had mild to moderate respiratory distress with only 4.7% had severe respiratory distress. For new born babies a review of following events in and around birth is important.…”

“…This study is similar to a study done in Iran which reported that 28-32 weeks of gestation accounted (52.1%) and 32-34 weeks for (30.1%). 14 In present study majority did not require intervention 49 (57.6%). Only Oxygen was needed in 8 (9.4%), bag and mask ventilation in 10(11.7%) and ventilation in 4(4.7%).…”

Prevalence of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Neonates

“…Ramesh et al (2017) [11] studied the prevalence of antenatal steroids coverage in preterm labor and its influence on neonatal respiratory morbidity and mortality in kanyakumari district, India, they found that the incidence rates of RDS ranged from 86% at 24 weeks to less than 1% at 39 weeks, they mentioned that RDS should be anticipated in any preterm delivery, condition where amniotic fluid indices indicate pulmonary immaturity, and in any infant born to a diabetic mother. Saboute et al (2015) [12] concluded in their research that the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome among preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit as a retrospective study in Akbarabadi Hospital, Tehran, Iran, that RDS was frequent in preterm neonates with gestational age less than 32 weeks with incidence of 65.6% of all preterm infants. In Korwatia the incidence rate of RDS of preterm was accessed by kresimir et al (2017) [8] who studied the causes of respiratory distress among neonates of gestational age 32 weeks and more in Osijek hospital, during the year 2016, they found that 20% of admitted newborn in NICU have RD, 34% of preterm babies or older than 32 weeks, and 12% of term babies had RD.…”

Admission patterns and risk factors linked with neonatal mortality: A hospital-based retrospective study

“…RDS was the most common cause of neonatal morbidity in preterm neonate in other studies. 18 The order of these diseases as the common causes of admission varies from one study to another depending on the risk factors and the criteria used to diagnosis the diseases. 19 …”