The incidence of radicular groove on maxillary lateral incisors of Saudi population: CBCT evaluation

Abstract

Background The radicular groove (RG) is one of the developmental anomalies that is commonly found in maxillary incisors. The formation of radicular groove is initiated around the cingulum and can reach the root at different levels. The incidence of radicular grooves was reported in different countries but there was no published data about the incidence of RG in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the incidence of radicular grooves on maxillary lateral incisors in the Saudi population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods The dental records of 490 patients (N = 490) with CBCT images of maxillary anterior teeth were screened for inclusion criteria. Then 264 included cases were evaluated independently by two Endodontists. The evaluation was performed on CBCT images in the axial, sagittal, and coronal sections using Planmeca Romexis® software. The following data were recorded for each patient: Patients’ age and gender, radicular groove presence or absence, and if it is bilateral or unilateral. The type of radicular groove was recorded according to Gu’s classification (type I, II, or III). Results The incidence rate of radicular grooves in maxillary lateral incisors was 4.9%. RG was found to be unilateral in 61.5% and bilateral in 38.5%. The majority of RG were classified as type I in 69.2%, followed by type II in 15.4%, and type III was found in 15.4%. Conclusion 4.9% of the Saudi population has RG in the upper lateral incisor. This anatomical variation is mostly present as type I on one side only (unilateral).

Prevalence of palatogingival groove affecting maxillary anterior teeth in Saudi subpopulation: A cone-beam computed tomographic study with literature review

“…This was almost like the previous CBCT investigations ( Aksoy et al, 2017 , Arslan et al, 2014 , Ghahramani et al, 2018 , Lekshmi et al, 2021 ). Alkahtany et al ( Alkahtany et al, 2022 ) studied the prevalence of PGG in Saudi patients and found that PGG was present in 13 (4.9%) of the 264 patients, slightly lower than the current study (6.3%). The PGG was more prevailed in the maxillary lateral incisors and this predominance was frequently reported in the previous studies ( Table 1 ).…”

“…Hou & Tsai, in 1993 ( Hou and Tsai, 1993 ), included the cases with distinct PGG situated at or apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Several techniques have been used to assess PGG, including in vivo clinical observations ( Al-Rasheed, 2011 , Bačić et al, 1990 , Brin and Ben-Bassat, 1989 , Hamagharib et al, 2015 , Hou and Tsai, 1993 , Iqbal et al, 2011 , Pécora et al, 1992 , Shreshta et al, 2014 , Withers et al, 1981 ), in vitro examinations of extracted teeth ( Albaricci et al, 2008 , Everett and Kramer, 1972 , Kogon, 1986 , Pécora et al, 1991 ), and retrospective assessments of CBCT images ( Aksoy et al, 2017 , Alkahtany et al, 2022 , Arslan et al, 2014 , Ghahramani et al, 2018 , Lekshmi et al, 2021 , Varun et al, 2022 ) ( Table 1 ). Generally, the race and sex of the patients may affect the teeth morphology and prevalence of dental anomalies ( Khalaf et al, 2014 , Martins et al, 2021 , Martins et al, 2018 ); however, Pecora et al & Withers e t al .…”

“…Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an invaluable research tool that has recently been used to study root and root canal morphology. Alkahtany et al studied the prevalence of PGG using CBCT on a sample of Saudi patients, and they found a prevalence of 4.9% ( Alkahtany et al, 2022 ). This paper aims to investigate the prevalence of PGG affecting maxillary anterior teeth, bilateral occurrence, and distribution among sex in the Saudi subpopulation and review the literature reported on the prevalence of PGG.…”

Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation to estimate the prevalence of palatogingival groove in the maxillary anterior teeth and its radiographic characteristics: An institutional retrospective study

“…examined the maxillary lateral incisors in the Saudi Arabian population and reported a prevalence of PG of 4.9%. [ 14 ] Shreshta et al . reported a 2.4% prevalence of PG in the maxillary canines, in contrast to our study where no PGs were identified in the maxillary canines.…”

Nomogram to Predict Radicular Grooves in Maxillary Lateral Incisors in Preoperative Orthodontic Population

“…Literature, including case reports, has illuminated RG's role in endodontic-periodontal issues [7-9, 19, 20] and during intentional replantation processes [11]. While CBCT signi cantly enhances root anatomy analysis [5,21], its routine application is curtailed by radiation exposure concerns.…”