The Incidence of Postoperative Pain in Children

Abstract

PDRM 3Outcome Hyperkalaemia (potassium level of at least 5.5mmol/L) Process of care Use of an ACE inhibitor without monitoring the potassium level before starting therapy, within six weeks of commencement and at least annually thereafter (n=44) PDRM 4Outcome Fall or broken bone Process of care: Uuse of a long half-life hypnotic-anxiolytic (n=41) ■ Few approaches to the assessment of quality of medicines use have focussed on the evidence base for treatment ■ A valid instrument (medication assessment tool -MAT) was developed from the Scottish intercollegiate guidelines network heart failure guideline ■ The MAT was found to be sensitive to change in prescribing using hospital admission and discharge data ■ The MAT demonstrated very good inter-rater agreement when applied to patient data from a heart failure clinic ■ The MAT offers a novel in-process approach to the assessment of medication use in practice and may provide a means to establish acceptable standards of medication adherence to national guidelines

Intraoperative local anaesthesia for paediatric postoperative oral surgery pain – a randomized controlled trial

“…This is supported by the finding that significantly higher distress was reported when 7-10 teeth were extracted when compared with extractions of 1-6 teeth at 30 min postoperatively. Certainly pain has been reported by others as the most significant factor in promoting emotional distress 18 . Another possible explanation for the postoperative distress could be the bleeding following teeth extractions.…”

Comparison of pain management in paediatric surgical patients in two hospitals in France and Canada

“…Of the 71 prescriptions studied by Cox, only 1 called for fixedschedule administration [7]. Among prescribed medications analysed by Mather on the day of surgery and the next day, 40% were not administered and 90% were prescribed on an as-needed basis [19]. Analgesic therapy was described as completely devoid of efficacy by 7% of patients.…”

Elective orchidopexy in the paediatric population: a trial of intra-operative spermatic cord block

“…Despite the magnitude of effects that acute pain can have on a child, it is often inadequately assessed and treated [1,4]. The American Pain Society recommendations for management of acute paediatric pain emphasise that the key to managing procedure-related pain is anticipation.…”

“…Post-surgical pain management has improved dramatically over the past 10 years with the application of new routes of administration, newer agents, and the recognition and development of multimodal and pre-emptive analgesia [1][2][3]. Children experience pain to the same degree as adults and the treatment modalities used in the adults are also available to children [1,4]. Even patient-controlled analgesia techniques have been used successfully in patients as young as 5 years old [5,6].…”