The incidence of post‐traumatic stress disorder following traumatic childbirth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Lai, Xiaolu; Chen, Jingfen; Li, Haiqi; Zhou, Lepeng; Huang, Qianyi; Liao, Yan; Krewski, Daniel; Wen, Shi Wu; Zhang, Lili; Xie, Ri-hua

doi:10.1002/ijgo.14643

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The sample presented overall low levels of BR-PTSS, a positive birth experience and low levels of postpartum depression symptoms, though some individuals reported severe symptoms and negative experiences. The mean score of City BiTS was similar to those in Spanish (27) and Hebrew-speaking samples (28), but lower than other European and Asian populations (18, [29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Predictive factors for birth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms using a birth-specific measurement: a cross-sectional study

Stén,

Malmquist,

Nieminen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background One third of all childbirths are experienced as traumatic, which is a risk for developing birth-related PTSD (BR-PTSD). Understanding factors that increase the level of BR-PTSD symptoms (BR-PTSS) is crucial for the development of adequate preventive strategies. Most previous research has utilised general PTSD measurements, which negatively impacts its validity. This study therefore aimed to assess predictive factors for BR-PTSS using a birth-specific instrument. Methods In this cross-sectional study, BR-PTSS was measured using City Birth Trauma Scale. Information on prenatal and birth-related predictive factors and comorbid symptoms of postpartum depression was collected via a self-report questionnaire including Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2. Independent significant predictors were analysed using single and multiple linear regression. The results were controlled for comorbidity with postpartum depression. Results Independent significant predictors were previous traumatic experience, primiparity, complications in pregnancy or childbirth, and a negative subjective experience of childbirth. When controlling for comorbidity with postpartum depression, significant predictors were primiparity, complications in pregnancy or childbirth and a negative subjective experience of childbirth. Conclusions This study identifies a negative subjective experience of birth as the most important predictor for BR-PTSS and highlights the importance of modifiable factors. Our findings indicate that implementation of care acknowledging past trauma and primiparity, and evaluating the birth experience can help identify individuals with higher BR-PTSS. Future research should explore the effect on BR-PTSS when evaluating strategies focused on preventing and mitigating the experience of complications in pregnancy and birth, providing safe and supportive care, and promoting agency and self-efficacy during labour.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Predictive factors for birth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms using a birth-specific measurement: a cross-sectional study

Stén,

Malmquist,

Nieminen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…After giving informed consent, the participants completed a demographic questionnaire (including contact details such as email addresses and phone numbers), the National Stressful Events Survey Acute Stress Disorder Short Scale (NSESSS), and the Birth Satisfaction Scale—Revised (BSS-R). We chose to measure childbirth PTSD levels at T2 (8–12 weeks postpartum), as PTSD rates were found to be higher at 1–4 months postpartum and then decline ( 38 ) and large-scale childbirth PTSD studies like the INTERSECT measure within 6–12 weeks postpartum ( 14 ). At T2, participants completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS-7), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the City Birth Trauma Scale (BiTS) using an online link sent by email.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postpartum acute stress disorder symptoms, social support, and quality of couple’s relationship associations with childbirth PTSD

Handelzalts,

Kalfon-Hakhmigari,

Raichin

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundWe aimed to examine the hypothesized negative associations between childbirth post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (using the two-factor model of birth-related and general symptoms), social support, and a couple’s relationship quality at 8–12 weeks postpartum. This analysis considered the longitudinal positive shared variance with acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms measured shortly after birth, while accounting for obstetric and demographic variables.MethodsParticipants included 246 mothers who gave birth at the maternity ward of a tertiary healthcare center. Self-report questionnaires were used 1–4 days postpartum (T1): Demographic information, the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R), and the National Stressful Events Survey Acute Stress Disorder Short Scale (NSESSS). At T2 (8–12 weeks postpartum), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS-7), and the City Birth Trauma Scale (BiTS).ResultsIn partial support of our hypotheses, three hierarchical regression analyses revealed a significant positive contribution of ASD symptoms to childbirth PTSD general symptoms (β = .33, p <.001) and the total score (β = .29, p <.001), but not to birth-related symptoms. Social support (β = -.21, p = .003) and the quality of the couple’s relationship (β=-.20, p = .003) showed negative associations with the BiTS general symptoms.ConclusionOur study enhances understanding of the shared variance between childbirth ASD and PTSD, supporting the factor structure of general and birth-related symptoms as different aspects of childbirth PTSD and highlighting the negative association of social support and the quality of a couple’s relationship with PTSD general symptoms, suggesting potential avenues for targeted interventions.

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“…Post-traumatic stress disorder is another OV consequence affecting the psycho-emotional dimension. Several studies describe high post-traumatic stress prevalence after childbirth, with rates from 1–6% to 35% [ 18 , 19 ], one of the main risk factors being traumatic experiences during labor due to health providers’ actions or attitudes [ 20 ]. This condition also affects women’s partners and children and has an impact on family relationships [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Adaptation, Validation and Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of an Obstetric Violence Scale in the Spanish Context

González-de la Torre,

González-Artero,

Muñoz de León-Ortega

et al. 2023

Nursing Reports

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Obstetric violence refers to dehumanized or derogative treatment of women in their pregnancy, childbirth or postpartum periods and may be manifested in different ways. Currently, there is no tool validated in Spain to measure women’s perception of obstetric violence. The objective of this study was to carry out the cultural adaptation and validation of an existing 14-item obstetric violence scale in the Spanish context and to evaluate its psychometric properties. The research was conducted in two phases: first, a methodological study designed to evaluate content validity, through assessments by eight experts (calculating the Aiken V coefficient) and face validity in a sample of 20 women; second, a cross-sectional study to evaluate construct validity (through confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis), divergent validity against a scale of birth satisfaction, known-groups validity and, finally, reliability. In Phase 1, Aiken V values higher than 0.71 were obtained for all items. Phase 2 was conducted on a sample of 256 women and the fit values for the unidimensional model were RMSEA: 0.070 (95% CI: 0.059–0.105) and GFI: 0.982 (95% CI: 0.823–0.990). The Rasch analysis indicated poor performance of item 2, which was removed. The Omega and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients were 0.863 and 0.860, respectively. A final 13-item version of the Obstetric Violence Scale was produced, with a total score ranging from 0 (no obstetric violence perception) to 52 (maximum obstetric violence perception). The Obstetric Violence Scale is a reliable and useful tool to measure women’s perception of obstetric violence. This study was not registered.

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The incidence of post‐traumatic stress disorder following traumatic childbirth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Predictive factors for birth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms using a birth-specific measurement: a cross-sectional study

Predictive factors for birth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms using a birth-specific measurement: a cross-sectional study

Postpartum acute stress disorder symptoms, social support, and quality of couple’s relationship associations with childbirth PTSD

Cultural Adaptation, Validation and Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of an Obstetric Violence Scale in the Spanish Context

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