The incidence ofTrichomonas vaginalisinfection in women attending nine sexually transmitted diseases clinics in the USA: Table 1

Abstract

Objectives Trichomoniasis (TV) is associated with an increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV. The purpose of this study is to evaluate factors associated with incidence TV among female STD clinic attendees in the USA. Methods Data were collected from women participating in a randomised controlled trial evaluating brief risk reduction counselling at the time of HIV testing to reduce sexually transmitted infections (STIs) incidence in STD clinics. Participants recruited from STD clinics underwent STI testing at baseline and 6-month follow-up. TV testing was performed using Nucleic Acid Amplification Test. Results 1704 participants completed study assessments. Prevalence of TV was 14.6%, chlamydia 8.6%, gonorrhoea 3.0%, herpes simplex virus 2 44.7% and HIV 0.4%. Cumulative 6-month incidence of TV was 7.5%. Almost 50% of the incident TV cases had TV at baseline and had received treatment. Factors associated with incidence of TV were having chlamydia, TV and HIV at baseline: TV relative risk (RR)=3.37 (95% CI 2.35 to 4.83, p<0.001); chlamydia RR=1.92 (95% CI 1.23 to 2.99, p=0.04); and HIV=1.59 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.50, p=0.047). Conclusions Prevalent and incident TV is common among STD clinic attendees; and baseline TV is the main risk factor for incident TV, suggesting high rates of reinfection or treatment failures. This supports the importance of rescreening women after treatment for TV, evaluating current treatment regimens and programmes to ensure treatment of sexual partners. Clinical trial number NCT01154296.

Trichomonas vaginalis is Rare Among Women in Iceland

“…No case of trichomoniasis was detected. In contrast, the prevalence of C. trachomatis in the STD attendees was 16%, which is higher than the rates of 3.8-8.6% reported from studies at STD clinics in Western and Northern Europe, the USA and Australia, where women were tested for both T. vaginalis and C. trachomatis (2,4,6,9). This is not surprising, as the prevalence of diagnosed C. trachomatis infections in Iceland for the past 20 years has been among the highest in Europe, or up to 739 cases per 100,000 population (http://www.…”

“…Thus, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), with a sensitivity and specificity of 95-100% (1), have revolutionized the diagnosis of trichomoniasis and are providing new insights into the epidemiology of the disease. Recent NAAT-based studies on women attending sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinics have shown unexpectedly high prevalence rates (14.6-27%) of trichomoniasis in the USA (2,3). In contrast, the prevalence in Western European countries and Australia appears to be substantially lower, i.e.…”

Detection of Common Bacterial Causes of STIs among STD Clinic Attendees by Gram Stain and Culture versus the Microarray Nucleic Acid Hybridization Method

“…Specifically, we found 14.6% of N.gonorrhoeae, 13.2% of T.vaginalis, and 12.1% of C.trachomatis. Our study findings were similar to the results reported in a study of women attending STD clinics in the USA, with the exception of N.gonorrhoeae, which was four times greater in our study [17]. Among domestic investigations, a study by B. Khandsuren et al found the prevalence of C.trachomatis at 39.3% among individuals with signs of urogenital tract inflammation, while a study by Erdenechimeg.Ch reported a 34.1% prevalence rate [18,19].…”

Clinical and Laboratory Testing for Trichomonas vaginalis Infection

“…In studies representative of the general population, the rates of trichomonas, chlamydia, and gonorrhea infections have been estimated at 3.2, 2.2, and 0.2%, respectively (1,2). Prevalence estimates among women seeking family planning and sexual health care range from 7.5 to 25% (3,4). Globally, trichomonas infections account for nearly half of all curable STIs.…”