The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism and its determinants from 2012 to 2014 in Shadegan, Iran: a case-control study

Keshavarzian, Ehsan; Valipoor, Ali Asghar; Maracy, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.4178/epih.e2016021

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Our findings showed that there was no association between birth season and CH; however, the neonates who were born in the summer were at higher risk of hypothyroidism compared to those who were born in spring. The results regarding seasonal relationships were consistent with previous literature such as that of Pearce et al in northern England ( 29 ) Dalili et al ( 13 ), Keshavarzian et al ( 24 ) and Hashemipour et al ( 30 ) in Iran, while some studies have shown a seasonal variation in the incidence of CH such as Gu et al ( 31 ) in Japan, Ordookhani et al ( 32 ) and Rezaeian et al ( 19 ) in Iran. Environmental conditions such as increasing airborne exposures or seasonal dietary changes that could provide a justification, may be reasons of this controversy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The results in another study, also showed no significant relationship between parental consanguinity and CH ( 23 ). In contrast, many other studies such as the study conducted in Shadegan, Iran reported that relationships were found between CH and parental consanguinity ( 24 ). Hence, hypothyroidism is sporadic and in the occurrence of genetic mutations, genetic factors have little role in its development ( 24 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In contrast, many other studies such as the study conducted in Shadegan, Iran reported that relationships were found between CH and parental consanguinity ( 24 ). Hence, hypothyroidism is sporadic and in the occurrence of genetic mutations, genetic factors have little role in its development ( 24 ). Due to the lack of iodine deficiency in Iran ( 25 ) and the declaration of Iran as a country free of iodine deficiency, it can be concluded that genetic and familial factors have more prominent role than environmental factors such as iodine deficiency ( 12 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…According to our findings, the neonates who were born from younger mothers were at higher risk of CH. Abedi et al and Keshavarzian et al reported that there was no relationship between age of mother and CH ( 11 , 24 ). However, the results in another study showed a significant relationship between age of mother and CH ( 19 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors associated with congenital hypothyroidism: a case-control study in southeast Iran

et al. 2018

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Background and aimCongenital hypothyroidism (CH) is known as one of the most common preventable cause of mental retardation. This study aimed to determine factors associated with CH in Iran.MethodsThis case-control study was conducted on 160 children under one year old in Zahedan in southeast Iran in 2016. The neonates who were born from March 1, 2015 to March 19, 2016 and had undergone a screening program for CH were the study population. The neonates with serum TSH > 10mIu/L and T4 < 6.5 or TSH > 30 mIu/L were considered as a case group. Each case was individually matched for sex, age at birth and place of residence with three neonates with normal TSH and T4 titers as a control group. Data was gathered using a standard checklist and analyzed using SPSS 20 and statistical tests, such as Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was also used to identify independent predictors of CH.ResultsAbout 25 of the 40 patients with CH (62.5%) were male who, in the univariate analysis, the following explanatory factors had no significant association with CH: history of parental consanguinity, type of delivery, weight at birth, height at birth, age of mother, sampling time, nationality, and birth season (p>0.05). Although, multivariate analysis showed no significant association between the studied factors and risk of CH (p>0.05), the likelihood of CH was greater among neonates born to consanguineous parents (AOR: 1.78, 95% CI: 0.82–3.89), those who were born to lower height at birth (AOR: 1.82, 95% CI: 0.85–3.91), neonates born to mothers younger than 18 years (AOR: 2.43, 95% CI: 0.57–10.29) and those who were born in the summer (AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 0.57–5.44).ConclusionNone of the studied factors were predictors for CH. Since consanguineous marriages are frequent in the province, and it may be a major contributory factor, future studies should be conducted on the genetic causes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors associated with congenital hypothyroidism: a case-control study in southeast Iran

et al. 2018

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“…Iodine deficiency or excess (18,26,34), gender (31,17), seasonality (5, 13, 20-22, 30, 67) maternal age (12,37,44,61,63), type of delivery (28,62) and maternal anti-thyroid drug use (6,27) were the risk factors with controversial reports. Though their role as CH-related risk factors has been demonstrated in previous studies, the findings are not conclusive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review on the Risk Factors of Congenital Hypothyroidism

Hashemipour¹,

Samei²,

Kelishadi³

et al. 2019

J. Pediatr. Rev.

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Context: Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine disorder and causes of preventable mental retardation in children. Objective: We aimed to review the reported CH-related risk factors systematically. Data Sources: In this review, all types of human studies on the risk factors related to the occurrence or high rate of CH were included. An electronic search was conducted in international and national electronic databases. The following keywords were used: "Congenital Hypothyroidism" AND "risk factor".

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Investigation of risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) using a population-based case-control study as part of the 2015-2018 screening program in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province in southwestern Iran

Jamali,

Bokaie,

Bahonar

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Introduction and objectives: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a lack of thyroid hormone at birth, crucial for brain development. A nationwide screening program has been implemented in Iran since 2005, resulting in over 12 million infants being screened and more than 30,000 patients diagnosed and treated. The incidence of CH in Iran is 2.7 per thousand live births, which is higher compared to the global incidence of 1 in 3,000 to 4,000. The incidence of CH in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province is significantly higher than the national and global incidence. Prognostic factors including twins, the season of birth, puberty, jaundice at birth, birth weight, gestational age, anemia and goiter of the mother, type of delivery, father's education, and smoking status are significantly associated with CH. Genetic, climatic, and environmental factors also play a role in the development of CH. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common causes of intellectual disability, which can be prevented if diagnosed and treated on time. We aimed to investigate some related risk factors for CH in infants born in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. Results: This was a population-based case-control study conducted on 270 infants. The study population included infants who were born between 2015 and 2018 and were subjected to a screening program for CH. In general, 135 infants diagnosed with CH who were confirmed by a specialist and had a medical record were considered as the case group and the rest (135 infants) who were healthy were considered as controls. Patients and control infants were matched in a one-to-one ratio. Information was extracted from the Sib Health Integrated System (http://sib.yums.ac.ir). Regression analysis using the logistic regression method was performed on data collected from a sample of 270 infants and SPSS software version 24 was used to analyze the data with P<0.05 considered significant. Ethical considerations were addressed by obtaining approval from the ethics committee of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences under ethical number IR.YUMS.REC.1397.136 and holding preliminary meetings with authorities, health, and medical personnel to discuss different tasks, collaboration, and completion of checklists. Conclusion: The results of the study show that among the cases studied, 3 factors, weight and height of the infant at birth and a family history of the disease in the infant could be the main risk factors for hypothyroidism (CH) in this province. Other factors such as birth order (rank), maternal age, maternal weight and height, age and mode of delivery, history of medication and iodized salt intake in the mother, diseases of the mother and father, and familial relationship of the parents were not observed to have a statistically significant association with CH. further studies are needed to analyze the results of the present study to establish the causality of these associations with greater certainty. Keywords: Neonatal hypothyroidism, risk factors, case-control study, screening, Kohgiloyeh, and Boyer Ahmad, Iran

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The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism and its determinants from 2012 to 2014 in Shadegan, Iran: a case-control study

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Risk factors associated with congenital hypothyroidism: a case-control study in southeast Iran

Risk factors associated with congenital hypothyroidism: a case-control study in southeast Iran

A Systematic Review on the Risk Factors of Congenital Hypothyroidism

Investigation of risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) using a population-based case-control study as part of the 2015-2018 screening program in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province in southwestern Iran

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