The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Guh, Daphne; Zhang, Wei; Bansback, Nick; Amarsi, Zubin; Birmingham, C. Laird; Anis, Aslam H.

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-88

Cited by 3,113 publications

(2,379 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…The current field of aging‐related research is focused more on extending a healthful lifespan, rather than simply extending lifespan, as older individuals with complications of aging that impair the quality of life often do not feel that further extension of lifespan is desirable. It was therefore important to determine whether these mice were also protected from risk factors that impair healthful aging, for example, protection against obesity (American Diabetes, 2004; Brown, Fujioka, Wilson & Woodworth, 2009; Guh et al., 2009) and impaired metabolism (Finkel, 2015; Nguyen, Samson, Reddy, Gonzalez & Sekhar, 2013; Roberts & Rosenberg, 2006). Indeed, the RGS14 KO mice have a reduced WAT/body weight ratio, are protected against the cold, and have increased mitochondrial biogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced longevity and metabolism by brown adipose tissue with disruption of the regulator of G protein signaling 14

et al. 2018

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SummaryDisruption of the regulator for G protein signaling 14 (RGS14) knockout (KO) in mice extends their lifespan and has multiple beneficial effects related to healthful aging, that is, protection from obesity, as reflected by reduced white adipose tissue, protection against cold exposure, and improved metabolism. The observed beneficial effects were mediated by improved mitochondrial function. But most importantly, the main mechanism responsible for the salutary properties of the RGS14 KO involved an increase in brown adipose tissue (BAT), which was confirmed by surgical BAT removal and transplantation to wild‐type (WT) mice, a surgical simulation of a molecular knockout. This technique reversed the phenotype of the RGS14 KO and WT, resulting in loss of the improved metabolism and protection against cold exposure in RGS14 KO and conferring this protection to the WT BAT recipients. Another mechanism mediating the salutary features in the RGS14 KO was increased SIRT3. This mechanism was confirmed in the RGS14 X SIRT3 double KO, which no longer demonstrated improved metabolism and protection against cold exposure. Loss of function of the Caenorhabditis elegans RGS‐14 homolog confirmed the evolutionary conservation of this mechanism. Thus, disruption of RGS14 is a model of healthful aging, as it not only enhances lifespan, but also protects against obesity and cold exposure and improves metabolism with a key mechanism of increased BAT, which, when removed, eliminates the features of healthful aging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced longevity and metabolism by brown adipose tissue with disruption of the regulator of G protein signaling 14

et al. 2018

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“…It is difficult to investigate the early events associated with the development of insulin resistance in obese and/or type 2 diabetic humans. When selected for the clinical studies, these individuals were already obese and/or had type 2 diabetes for a prolonged time and often had other associated comorbidities (13). Moreover, the small size and limited selection (only those muscles that could be accessed with a biopsy needle) of skeletal muscle biopsies obtained during clinical studies limits the experimental design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome on skeletal muscles of Ossabaw miniature swine

Clark

Alloosh

Wenzel

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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TY. Effect of diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome on skeletal muscles of Ossabaw miniature swine. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 300: E848 -E857, 2011. First published February 8, 2011 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00534.2010.-Ossabaw swine fed excess kilocalorie diet develop metabolic syndrome (MS) characterized by obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance with/ without dyslipidemia. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that MS would have a detrimental effect on skeletal muscle structure and cause changes in the expression of myosin heavy chains (MHCs). Adult male Ossabaw swine were fed for 24 wk highfructose or high-fat/cholesterol/fructose diets to induce normolipidemic MS (MetS) or dyslipidemic MS (DMetS), respectively, and were compared with the lean swine on control diet. MetS swine showed mild MS, lacking increases in total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, both of which were highly upregulated in DMetS swine. There was an ϳ1.2-fold increase in the cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers in MetS and DMetS groups compared with control for biceps femoris and plantaris muscles. In plantaris muscles, DMetS diet caused an ϳ2-fold decrease in slow MHC mRNA and protein expression and an ϳ1.2-to 1.8-fold increase in the number of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) droplets without large changes in the size of the droplets. There was a trend to the decrease in slow MHC expression in muscles of swine on MetS diet. The number of IMCL droplets in muscle fibers of the MetS group was comparable to controls. These data correlate well with the data on total plasma cholesterol (control ϭ 60, MetS ϭ 70, and DMetS ϭ 298 mg/dl) and LDL (control ϭ 29, MetS ϭ 30, and DMetS ϭ 232 mg/dl). We conclude that structural changes observed in skeletal muscle of obese Ossabaw swine correlate with those previously reported for obese humans. obesity; fiber type composition; intramyocellular lipids; myosin heavy chains SKELETAL MUSCLE CONSTITUTES more than 40% of the total body weight and is one of the most important organs for glucose homeostasis. The mass and composition of skeletal muscle are critical for its functions. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of both insulin resistance and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Obesityrelated abnormalities lead to excessive accumulation of triglycerides and fatty acids in skeletal muscle fibers in the form of intramyocellular lipids (IMCL). IMCL accumulation is strongly associated with the impairment of glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, deficiency in energy production, insulin resistance, and eventually the development of type 2 diabetes (reviewed in Refs. 3 and 26).The fiber type composition of skeletal muscle has strong effects on metabolism and utilization of glucose and lipids. Lillioja et al. (22) showed that in vivo insulin action determined by the euglycemic clamp was positively correlated with the percentage of type 1 fibers and negatively correlated with the percentage of type 2b/x fibers in vastus lateralis ...

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“…In 2008, the global prevalence of obesity was 9.8% in men and 13.0% in women, which is nearly twice the 1980 prevalence rates [7]. Obesity is a known risk factor for many chronic conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, some forms of cancer, and musculoskeletal disorders such as knee osteoarthritis and low back pain [12,18,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Obesity Affect the Surgical Outcome and Complication Rates of Spinal Surgery? A Meta-analysis

Jiang

Teng

Fan

et al. 2014

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

169

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Background As obesity becomes more prevalent, it becomes more common among patients considering orthopaedic surgery, including spinal surgery. However, there is some controversy regarding whether obesity is associated with complications, failed reconstructions, or reoperations after spinal surgery. Questions/purposes We wished to determine, in patients undergoing spine surgery, whether obesity is associated with (1) surgical site infection, (2) mortality and the need for revision surgery after spinal surgery, and (3) increased surgical time and blood loss. Methods A systematic literature search was performed to collect comparative or controlled studies that evaluated the influence of obesity on the surgical and postoperative outcomes of spinal surgery. Two reviewers independently selected trials, extracted data, and assessed the methodologic quality and quality of evidence. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD) with 95% CIs were calculated using the fixed-effects model or random-effects model. Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.1. MOOSE criteria were used to ensure this project's validity. Thirtytwo studies involving 97,326 patients eventually were included. Results Surgical site infection (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.94-2.79), venous thromboembolism (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.92-5.17), mortality (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.50-4.49), revision rate (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.05-1.93) operating time (OR, 14.55; 95% CI,, and blood loss (MD, 28.89; 95% CI,, were all significantly increased in the obese group. Conclusion Obesity seemed to be associated with higher risk of surgical site infection and venous thromboembolism, more blood loss, and longer surgical time. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm the relationship between obesity and the outcome of spinal surgery.

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The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 3,113 publications

References 124 publications

Enhanced longevity and metabolism by brown adipose tissue with disruption of the regulator of G protein signaling 14

Enhanced longevity and metabolism by brown adipose tissue with disruption of the regulator of G protein signaling 14

Effect of diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome on skeletal muscles of Ossabaw miniature swine

Does Obesity Affect the Surgical Outcome and Complication Rates of Spinal Surgery? A Meta-analysis

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