The Incidence of Bacteremia in Mice Subjected to Total Body X-Radiation

Miller, Claire A.; Hammond, Carolyn W.; Tompkins, Marianne

doi:10.1126/science.111.2890.540

Cited by 46 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Prophylactic systemic administration of a TLR5 agonist results in dramatic survival after lethal irradiation [21]. High-dose ionizing radiation causes massive cell loss in the hematopoietic system and intestinal mucosa, which leads to invasion by commensal bacteria and fatal septicemia [39, 40]. NFκB activation protects against lethal irradiation by initiating anti-apoptotic pathways in radiosensitive tissue [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Flagellin Stimulates Toll‐Like Receptor 5–Dependent Defense against Vancomycin‐ResistantEnterococcusInfection

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) infections is limited by the paucity of effective antibiotics. Administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics promotes VRE colonization by down-regulating homeostatic innate immune defenses. Intestinal epithelial cells and Paneth cells express antimicrobial factors upon direct or indirect stimulation of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-MyD88-mediated pathway by microbe-derived molecules. Here, we demonstrate that the TLR5 agonist flagellin restores antibiotic-impaired innate immune defenses and restricts colonization with VRE. Flagellin stimulates the expression of RegIIIγ, a secreted C-type lectin that kills Gram-positive bacteria, including VRE. Systemic administration of flagellin induces RegIIIγ expression in intestinal epithelial cells and Paneth cells along the entire length of the small intestine. Induction of RegIIIγ requires TLR5 expression in hematopoietic cells and is dependent on IL-22 expression. Systemic administration of flagellin to antibiotic-treated mice dramatically reduces VRE colonization. By enhancing mucosal resistance to multi-drug resistant organisms, flagellin administration may provide a clinically useful approach to prevent infections in patients treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Flagellin Stimulates Toll‐Like Receptor 5–Dependent Defense against Vancomycin‐ResistantEnterococcusInfection

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is evidence of an increased incidence of bacteraemia due to both endogenous and exogenous pathogens after wholebody irradiation resulting in death of man and other experimental animals (Miller et al 1950, Kaplan et al 1952, Benacerraf 1960 . There is evidence of an increased incidence of bacteraemia due to both endogenous and exogenous pathogens after wholebody irradiation resulting in death of man and other experimental animals (Miller et al 1950, Kaplan et al 1952, Benacerraf 1960 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Irradiation on Lymphocyte Proliferation and Differentiation: Potential of IL-6 in Augmenting Antibody Responses in Cultures of Murine Spleen Cells

Goud

1995

International Journal of Radiation Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ionizing radiation induces both quantitative and qualitative changes in the lymphoid cells of both man and experimental animals, including inhibition of antibody responses. However, the cellular basis of this immunological lesion is not clear. In the present study, groups of mice were exposed to 2.0 Gy gamma-rays or sham irradiated, and 2 days later animals were killed and spleen cells were cultured with TNP-Ficoll and assayed for antibody responses. Results indicated a significant decrease in the number of anti-TNP, plaque-forming cells in cultures from the irradiated mice compared with cultures from the control. When lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro with anti-IgM or anti-CD3, there was a decreased proliferation in spleen cell cultures derived from the irradiated mice compared with those from the control. Since radiation treatment was found to deplete both T and B cells in equal proportions in spleen and an equal number of both control or treated cells were used in culture, the immunological abnormalities may have been due to intrinsic defects in irradiated cells. Addition of IL-6 to irradiated spleen cell cultures was able to augment anti-TNP, plaque-forming cell responses indicating the possibility that in the future this cytokine can be used in vivo to induce protection from infectious diseases in irradiated individuals.

show abstract

“…Similar risks would be associated with victims of nuclear disaster (e.g., the recent meltdown in Fukushima, Japan [2]) or acts of nuclear terrorism [3]. In experimental models, radiation-induced mortality has long been associated with enteric bacterial infection [4][5][6] and survival was found to be enhanced through the use of antibiotics [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Chlorisondamine, a sympathetic ganglionic blocker, moderates the effects of whole-body irradiation (WBI) on early host defense to a live bacterial challenge

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Incidence of Bacteremia in Mice Subjected to Total Body X-Radiation

Cited by 46 publications

References 2 publications

Bacterial Flagellin Stimulates Toll‐Like Receptor 5–Dependent Defense against Vancomycin‐ResistantEnterococcusInfection

Bacterial Flagellin Stimulates Toll‐Like Receptor 5–Dependent Defense against Vancomycin‐ResistantEnterococcusInfection

Effect of Irradiation on Lymphocyte Proliferation and Differentiation: Potential of IL-6 in Augmenting Antibody Responses in Cultures of Murine Spleen Cells

Chlorisondamine, a sympathetic ganglionic blocker, moderates the effects of whole-body irradiation (WBI) on early host defense to a live bacterial challenge

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About