The Incidence Characteristics of Second Primary Malignancy after Diagnosis of Primary Colon and Rectal Cancer: A Population Based Study

Guan, Xu; Jin, Yinghu; Chen, Yinggang; Jiang, Zheng; Liu, Zheng; Zhao, Zhixun; Yan, Peng; Wang, Guiyu; Wang, Xishan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143067

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…HNSCC included here were squamouscell carcinomas (ICD-O-3 histology codes 8070–8076, 8078) localized at the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx (ICD-O-3 site codes C01–C06, C09–C10, C12–C13, C32).MPC coding rules: IARC/IACR rulesRatio of SIRs1975-19791.00 (reference)1980-19841.15 (0.95-1.40)1985-19891.29 (1.06-1.55)1990-19941.25 (1.03-1.51)1995-19991.10 (0.90-1.35)2000-20060.85 (0.67-1.08) Zhu G et al (2012) [44] SEER, U.S.25/30Oesophageal cancer1973-200724,557985All oesophageal cancer patients who survived for at least 2 months after diagnosis.MPC coding rules: SEERAll second primary cancers except non-melanoma skin cancers1973-19891.43 (1.29-1.58)1990-20071.28 (1.18-1.38) Scélo G et al (2007) [47] 13 population-based cancer registries Europe, Australia, Canada and Singapore25/30Ocular melanoma1943-200010,3961,029All cases of ocular melanoma without stratifying by subsite.MPC coding rules: IARC/IACR rules<19751.17 (1.06-1.29)1975-19831.21 (1.08-1.35)1984-19901.39 (1.20-1.59)1991+1.33 (1.08-1.62) Howard RA et al (2006) [41] SEER, U.S.26/30Merkel cell carcinoma1986-20021,306122All patients with a first primary cutaneous MCC in 1 of 11 population-based cancer registries of SEER program (1986–2002).MPC coding rules: SEERSubsequent primary cancers were invasive primary neoplasms that developed at least 1 month after a diagnosis of MCC. Excluded secondary MCC following primary MCC.1986-19941.09 (0.83-1.40)1995-20021.37 (1.05-1.76) Guan X et al (2015) [53] SEER, U.S.23/30Colorectal cancer1992-2012240,58427,731Invasive CRC patients who were diagnosedMPC coding rules: SEERColon1992-20011.08at the age of more than 20 years. Excluded patients: 1) diagnosed with unknown age, 2) reported only on death or autopsy certificat...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven studies and the SEER monograph used incidence and follow-up data from SEER program registries, and employed SEER coding rules [7, 39–44, 53]. Eight studies and the Italian monograph used coding rules proposed by the IARC/IACR [37, 38, 45, 47, 48, 50, 52, 56, 57].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six studies reported an increasing temporal trend in MPC risk [32, 34, 42, 53, 54, 56], whilst two studies reported a decreasing trend in MPC risk after breast cancer during the study period 1943–2000 [31, 37]. There were a total of three studies on breast cancer as the first cancer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SIRs increased significantly from 1.53 (95%CI 1.37-1.71) in 1989–1992 to 2.02 (95%CI 1.79-2.27) in 2001–2004 for first bladder cancer [56]. For first cancer at colon and rectum, the SIRs were higher in 2002–2012 (1.25 for colon, 1.16 for rectum) than in 1992–2001 (1.08 for colon, 1.00 for rectum) [53]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal trends in the risk of developing multiple primary cancers: a systematic review

Ye¹,

Neil²,

Wills³

et al. 2016

BMC Cancer

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BackgroundCancer survivors are at risk of developing second and subsequent primary cancers, referred to as multiple primary cancers (MPCs). It is not clear whether the risk of MPCs has increased over recent decades, but increasing use of radiological imaging and potentially harmful effects of certain cancer treatments raise this possibility. A systematic review was undertaken to assess whether there has been a temporal change in the risk of developing MPCs.MethodsA systematic search to identify population-based studies of MPCs was performed in Medline/PubMed and Embase databases from inception to August 2016. Included studies were those reporting risk of MPCs for all sites combined following a first cancer at any site or a specific site, using standard incidence ratios (SIRs) or equivalent, and with analysis stratified by calendar years.ResultsWe identified 28 articles eligible for inclusion, comprising 26 population-based studies and two monographs. MPC incidence was reported in nearly 6.5 million cancer survivors. For all first cancer sites combined, a higher rate of MPCs was reported in more recent than earlier calendar periods in four of the six relevant studies. The SIRs ranged from 1.14 for a first cancer diagnosis in the early 1980s to 1.21–1.46 in the late 1990s in the USA and Australia. Two studies from Italy and France showed no significant difference in SIRs across time periods 1978–2010 and 1989–2004. The remaining 22 studies reported various temporal trends in the risk of developing MPCs after a first cancer at a specific site, but most showed little change.ConclusionOverall, the risk of developing MPCs appears to have increased since the 1980s when considering studies of all primary cancer sites combined from the USA and Australia but not from Europe. With the introduction of more routine nuclear medical imaging over the last 15 years, more studies are needed to confirm recent trends of MPC risk in adult cancer survivors.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2876-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Temporal trends in the risk of developing multiple primary cancers: a systematic review

Ye¹,

Neil²,

Wills³

et al. 2016

BMC Cancer

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“…Among these cancer survivors, colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors carry a signi cantly higher risk of developing APC as compared to the general population without an oncologic history (5)(6)(7)(8). The incident of APC in CRC survivors in the general population ranged from 4.9% in Asia to 11.5% in the United States (8,10). These increased risks may be due to various factors including genetic syndromes, lifestyle risk factors, and potential delayed effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional Primary Cancers in Veterans Surviving Colorectal Cancer – A Critical Analysis

Nguyen

Ahn

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background There is evidence that colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors in the general population have a higher incidence of additional primary cancer (APC). In addition, distinct patterns of APC have been seen in survivors with right side colon cancer (RCC) versus those with left side colon and rectal cancer (LCRC). These findings may not be representative for veterans surviving colorectal cancer. Methods Retrospective chart review was done for 1540 veterans treated for sporadic CRC between July 1995 and December 2011 at three major Veteran Affairs Medical Centers. Sex, war period served, age and pathological stage at diagnosis, tumor laterality, and site/organs of APCs were collected. Results 99% of our cohort were male. The average age of CRC surviving veterans was 70 as compared to 68 reported in the general population. 27.4% of our cohort had at least one APC as compared to less than 12% reported for the general population. CRC surviving veterans with one or two APCs were older than those without APC (71.2 or 72.5 respectively vs 69.4). The incident of APC was highest in Korean War veterans (27.8%), followed by World War II veterans (24.8%), and Vietnam War veterans (15.9%). Veterans with RCC were older than those with LCRC (71.7 vs 68.8). They also had a higher incidence of APC (32. 9% vs 22.9%). This difference remained unchanged after the cohorts were aged matched (32.9% vs 25.5%). There were more Lynch syndrome related APCs in veterans with RCC that veterans with LCRC (9.6% vs 6.4%). However, this difference did not remain statistically significant in the age-matched cohorts. Conclusion More than one in four veterans surviving CRC had APC. Veterans with APC were older, more likely to be Korean War or World War II veterans. There were distinct differences between veterans surviving RCC versus LCRC.

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Excessive risk of second primary cancers in young‐onset colorectal cancer survivors

Ding

et al. 2018

Cancer Medicine

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With an increasing trend of patients with young‐onset colorectal cancer (CRC), risks of second primary cancers (SPCs) among them become a concerning issue. We aimed to define the detailed risk and site‐distributed patterns of SPCs in young CRC individuals (age ≤50). A population‐based cohort were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 1973 and 2013. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and absolute excess risk (AER) were calculated to assess the risk for SPCs compared with the general population. A total of 44,106 patients, including 3245 (7.4%) the young and 40,861 (92.6%) the old, developed 50,679 secondary malignancies subsequently. With increased age, the risk of secondary cancers gradually decreased. A significant 44% excess risk of SPCs was observed in the young (SIR = 1.44, AER = 34.23), while a slightly increased risk was noted in the old (SIR = 1.02, AER = 4.29). For young survivors, the small intestine (SIR = 8.49), bile ducts (SIR = 3.77), corpus, and uterus (SIR = 2.45) were the most common sites of SPCs. Significantly, excess SIRs in the young were persisted regardless of other factors. For the young, secondary cancer‐related deaths were responsible for 51.2% of overall deaths and secondary stomach, liver and bile, pancreas cancers were top three causes. An excessive risk of SPCs existed in young CRC survivors, and this trend was consistent among different subgroups. We hope our findings may inform future targeted screening strategies among young‐onset CRC survivors.

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The Incidence Characteristics of Second Primary Malignancy after Diagnosis of Primary Colon and Rectal Cancer: A Population Based Study

Cited by 29 publications

References 33 publications

Temporal trends in the risk of developing multiple primary cancers: a systematic review

Temporal trends in the risk of developing multiple primary cancers: a systematic review

Additional Primary Cancers in Veterans Surviving Colorectal Cancer – A Critical Analysis

Excessive risk of second primary cancers in young‐onset colorectal cancer survivors

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