The incidence and relationship of the lateral ramus prominence to the mandibular foramen

Anatomic study of the mandibular foramen, lingula and antilingula in dry mandibles, and its statistical relationship between the true lingula and the antilingula

“…The lingula of the mandible is a tongue-shaped bone projection on the medial aspect of the ramus. It is a very important landmark as it lies in close proximity to the mandibular foramen and these two anatomic structures are of clinical significance for the maxillofacial surgeon because of their relation to the inferior alveolar nerve [10][11][12][13]21,22 .…”

Anatomical relationship between the mandibular foramen and the lateral surface shape of the mandibular ramus using CT

“…The AP is still widely considered an important landmark because several prior morphological studies have reported a high prevalence of the AP. Studies by Langston and Tebo [5] and Aziz et al [6] showed that the AP was present in all subjects. Previous morphologic studies of the skeleton could only be performed using cadaver skull specimens, and it was difficult to subjectively assess such a small superficial prominence in these subjects; detecting it using routine radiography was also impossible.…”

“…Therefore, in nearly all previous studies, the AP was located by visual inspection and manual palpation. However, in studies using cadaver skulls, the prevalence of the AP varied from 42 to 100% (Table 6) [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. This difference may be caused by differences in the racial, age, and sex distributions of the sample populations, as well as in the procedure for determining the AP.…”

The Study of Antilingula and Its Relation to the Lingula and Mandibular Foramen, the Presence of Mylohyoid Bridging in Dry Mandibles of South Indian Population

“…Similarly Langston and Tebog noted that the position of the antilingula varied from 4.7 mm posterior to and 4.7 mm anterior to the mandibular foramen [10]. Yates et al also found that the mandibular foramen is predominantly posterior and inferior to the antilingula [7].…”