The incidence and mortality rate of cervix cancer in Iran from 1990 to 2016: A systematic review and meta-analysis Running title: Cervix cancer in Iran

Abstract

Objective: Cervix Cancer (CC) is one of the major health problems among Iranian women and elsewhere around the world. Considering the importance of this cancer, the present study was conducted to determine the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of CC in Iran.
 Methods: A search was conducted using international databases (Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Embase and ISI/ web of knowledge), and national databases (Scientific Information Database, MagIran, IranMedex, and IranDoc). This systematic review was carried out according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) check list in 2018. Thereafter, Persian and English language papers referring to the ASIR and ASMR of CC in Iran were included. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers. The Joanna Briggs checklist was carried out to evaluate the quality of studies.
 Result: A total of 522 papers were obtained in the initial search of the databases, and 25 articles were included to the review by further refinement and screening. Based on the random-effect model, the ASIR and ASMR of CC in Iran was 2.14 per 100000, 95% CI (1.89 to 2.38) and 0.93 per 100000, 95% CI (0.81 to 1.05), respectively.
 Conclusion: The incidence and mortality of CC in Iran was lower than other parts of the world. It should be noted that because of the high heterogeneity of the results of this study, we must judge with caution regarding the results.

Effectiveness of educational intervention on women’s participation to cervical cancer screening: a quasi-experimental study based on PEN-3 model

“…According to the National Cervical Cancer Program in Iran, screening should be done for all women after marriage, so women under 21 should have a Pap smear test after 3 years of their first intercourse and women over 21 after 1 year of their first intercourse [ 6 ]. Unfortunately,the existing facts and figures are not promising [ 5 , 7 , 8 ], for an instance, 49.9% of women had taken this test in their lifetime [ 9 ], while the rate in other countries was reported to be 85–93% [ 10 ].…”

Uterine and Cervical Cancer in Iran: An epidemiologic analysis of the Iranian National Population-Based Cancer Registry

“… 6 The prevalence of uterine cancer in Iran has increased threateningly over the past two decades. 7 According to previous studies, Iran will have a significant increase in gynecologic cancer incidence and mortality in the coming decades, especially in the central regions. 5 There have been several reports of cancer incidence and mortality in Iran recently.…”

Improve the cervical cancer prevention behaviors through mobile-based educational intervention based on I-CHANGE model: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

“…In Iran, the rate of cervical cancer is reported to be 3.73 per 100,000 women [ 9 ]. While cervical cancer is not frequent in Iran, patients usually seek medical help when the disease has progressed to an advanced stage [ 10 , 11 ], and the mortality rate is high [ 12 ]. Most Iranian women are unaware of screening tests and Pap smears test (PST) because of their cultural, economic, and social status [ 13 ].…”