The Inactivation of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Virus by Ethylenimine and Propylenimine

Abstract

Summary The inactivation of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus by ethylenimine and propylenimine has been compared to inactivation by N‐acetylethylenimine. Propylenimine has an inactivation rate similar to N‐acetylethylenimine. Ethylenimine has a higher inactivation rate and unaltered activity upon storage at room temperature for extended periods of time and is therefore a more desirable inactivant for this virus than N‐acetylethylenimine. Zusammenfassung Die Inaktivierung von Maul‐ und Klauenseuchevirus durch Äthylenimin und Propylenimin Die Inaktivierung von Maul‐ und Klauenseuchevirus durch Äthylenimin und Propylenimin wurde mit der Inaktivierung durch N‐acetyläthylenimin verglichen. Die Inaktivierungsrate von Propylenimin ist der von N‐acetyläthylenimin ähnlich. Äthylenimin hat eine höhere Inaktivierungsrate und eine unveränderte Aktivität nach Lagerung bei Zimmertemperatur über längere Zeiträume und ist deshalb ein besseres Inaktivierungsmittel für das MKS‐Virus als N‐acetyläthylenimin. Résumé L'inactivation du virus de la fièvre aphteuse par éthylènimine et propylènimine On a comparé l'inactivation du virus de la fièvre aphteuse avec éthylènimine et propylènimine avec l'inactivation au moyen de N‐acéthyléthlènimine. L'indice d'inactivation est le même pour propylènimine et N‐acéthyl‐éthylènimine. Ethylènimine a montré un indice d'inactivation plus rapide et une activité inchangée après entreposage à la température ambiante à des temps plus longs; éthylènimine est un meilleur procédé d'inactivation pour le virus de la fièvre aphteuse que N‐acéthyléthylènimine. Resumen La inactivación del virus aftoso mediante etilenimina y propilenimina La inactivación del virus aftoso por medio de etilenimina y propilenimina se comparó con la inactivación mediante N‐acetiletilenimina. La tasa de inactivación de propilenimina es semejante a la apreciada utilizando N‐acetiletilenimina. La etilenimina arroja una tasa de inactivación más rápida y una actividad inalterable tras almacenamiento en el laboratorio a temperatura ambiente durante un espacio largo de tiempo y es un agente de inactivación mejor para el virus aftoso que la N‐acetiletilenimina.

Alternative way to test the efficacy of swine FMD vaccines: measurement of pigs median infected dose (PID50) and regulation of live virus challenge dose

“…The virus culture liquids were treated by ethylenimmine 0.035 M/L at 30°C during 24 h for virus inactivation, then the inactivation was stopped by 0.04 M sodium thiosulphate [ 11 ]. Following the operation guidelines, the inactivated FMDV antigen was emulsified with Montanide ISA 206(Seppic, France)oil.…”

Immune response of horses to inactivated African horse sickness vaccines

“…The inactivation of the virus was performed as described by Ronchi et al [ 35 ] apart from the addition of 37% formalin (Merck, Germany) to a final concentration of 1:8000 formaldehyde [ 36 ]. This was followed by the addition of 5 mM binary ethylenimine (BEI), the second inactivant, was prepared according to the method described by Bahnemann [ 37 ] by adding 1 N solution of 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide (Sigma Aldrich B65705) to 0.175 N NaOH [ 37 , 38 ]. Inactivation time varied from 25 h to 48 h for 300 ml of viral suspension based on the viral titres observed for each serotype.…”

Foot and mouth disease virus vaccines

“…But industrial production of inactivated vaccines did not begin until the 1950s after Frenkel described the culture of tongue epithelium from healthy slaughtered animals [14]. Further breakthroughs in inactivated FMD vaccine production included the growth of FMDV in BHK cell suspension cultures in the 1960s [16], the introduction of ethylene imines for FMDV antigen inactivation [17,18], and the use of oil-adjuvants in the 1970s [19]. For extensive reviews on the history of FMD vaccines see Lombard et al [14] and Doel [20].…”