The in vitro effects of platelet products on the biophysiological functions of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells: a systematic review

Abstract

Platelet products (PP) and bone-marrow aspirate are popular sources of osteoinductive signalling molecules and osteogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) used in the treatment of impaired bone healing. However, the combined use of PP and BM-MSCs in clinical studies has reported mixed results. Understanding the cellular and molecular interactions between PP and BM-MSCs plays the important role of guiding future research and clinical application. This systematic review investigates the effects of PP on the biophysiological functions of BM-MSCs in in vitro human studies, including (i) proliferation, (ii) migration, (iii) differentiation, (iv) growth factor/cytokine/protein expression, (v) immunomodulation, (vi) chemotactic effect on haematopoietic stem cells, (vii) response to apoptotic stress, and (viii) gene expression. In vitro studies in human have demonstrated the multi-faceted ‘priming effect’ of PP on the biophysiological functions of BM-MSCs. PP has been shown to improve proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation, reaction to apoptotic stress as well as immunomodulatory, pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory capacities of BM-MSCs. Several factors are highlighted that restrict the transferability of these findings into clinical practice. Therefore, more collaborative in vitro research in humans modelled to reflect clinical practice is required to better understand the effects of PP exposure on the biophysiological function(s) of BM-MSCs in human.

Biological and molecular profile of fracture non‐union tissue: A systematic review and an update on current insights

“… 59 Cellular therapies with osteogenic cells and osteoinductive molecules, osteoconductive scaffolds and tissue engineering are treatment strategies which holds great promise. 60 , 61 Although still in its early stages, further work on the molecular and genetic profiling of relevant tissue such as patient's serum could serve as an advantageous screening and predictive tool of fracture non‐union.…”

Anti-Aging Potential of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP): Evidence from Osteoarthritis (OA) and Applications in Senescence and Inflammaging

“…PRP remains loosely used in the literature as an all-encompassing term for any platelet-derived biologic. A recent systematic review highlighted the importance of accurately describing platelet-derived biologic, physical properties, formulation and contents to enable accurate comparison between studies [ 79 ]. The shortcomings of the existing PRP classification systems are highlighted by the lack of standardised protocols and definition for centrifugation and preparation, cellular components such as platelet concentration, red and white blood cell counts, and the procedure for platelet activation [ 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 ].…”

Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Autologous Therapy for Osteonecrosis: Effects of Age and Underlying Causes

“…Allogeneic platelet lysate or PRP prepared from young, healthy donors has a great potential enhancing chondrogenic and osteogenic potential of MSCs. This combination therapy is popularly considered for traumatic bone damage and various degenerative joint diseases [27,28]. In a case study, a combined local injection of adipose tissue-MSCs with platelet-rich plasma showed satisfactory outcomes in an experimental model of femoral head ON [29].…”