The in vitro Assessment of Drug Resistant Malaria In Makurdi, North Central Nigeria

Abstract

Multi-drug resistant malaria parasite strains have spread to new areas that were once free of such strains. This study evaluated the specific in vitro sensitivities of some standard antimalarial drugs, against Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria. The standard schizonts growth inhibition assays was used to study the in vitro activities of quinine, artesunate, and amodiaquine against 146 isolates in children aged 2-14 years. 100 % of isolates were in vitro sensitive to quinine, geometric mean effective concentration (EC)50 = 241.55 nM, EC90 = 676.08 nM, and EC99 = 993.12 nM; and artesunate, EC50 = 1.05 nM, EC90 = 2.42 nM, and EC99 = 3.16 nM. 1.37 % of isolates were resistant to amodiaquine, EC50 = 22.08 nM, EC90 = 66.22 nM and EC99 = 100.23 nM. Significant in vitro cross resistance was found at EC50 values of quinine-amodiaquine drug pair (r = + 0.342, P < 0.05), but not quinine -artesunate (r = + 0.057, P > 0.05) or artesunateamodiaquine (r = + 0.088, P > 0.05). These results call for constant surveillance, to curb the spread of P. falciparum resistance to amodiaquine in Nigeria.

Bayesian Estimation for the Effectiveness of Pesticides and Repellents

“…In addition, some studies have estimated the effective concentration corresponding to given percentages of mortality, such as EC 10 , EC 90 , and EC 99 (Huang and Subramanyam 2003;Avilla et al 2005;Zaridah et al 2006;Ikpa et al 2009). In recent years, this index has been calculated from parameters estimated through a logistic regression (Pratley et al 1999) or a probit analysis (Zaridah et al 2006), both of which analyzes the relationship between the chemical concentration and the lifeÐ death response of animals.…”

Lamivudine-Artesunate Co Administration Alters Piroxicam Mediated Analgesia in Mice

“…Malaria has remained a serious public health concern in several countries of the world 1 , and is one of the oldest and most prevalent infectious diseases 2 . Estimates conservatively put the mortality from malaria between 1-2 million annually, majority of whom are children below the age of five and pregnant women.…”