The improvement of periodontal tissue regeneration using a 3D‐printed carbon nanotube/chitosan/sodium alginate composite scaffold

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a common disease in the oral field, and many researchers are studying periodontal disease and try to find some biological scaffold materials to make periodontal tissue regenerative. In this study, we attempted to construct a carbon nanotube/chitosan/sodium alginate (CNT/CS/AL) ternary composite hydrogel and then prepare porous scaffold by 3D printing technology. Subsequently, characterizing the materials and testing the mechanical properties of the scaffold. Additionally, its effect on the proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and its antibacterial effect on Porphyromonas gingivalis were detected. We found that CNT/CS/AL porous composite scaffolds with uniform pores could be successfully prepared. Moreover, with increasing CNT concentration, the degradation rate and the swelling degree of scaffold showed a downward trend. The compressive strength test indicated the elastic modulus of composite scaffolds ranged from 18 to 80 kPa, and 1% CNT/CS/AL group had the highest quantitative value. Subsequently, cell experiments showed that the CNT/CS/AL scaffold had good biocompatibility and could promote the proliferation of hPDLCs. Among 0.1%-1% CNT/CS/AL groups, the biocompatibility of 0.5% CNT/CS/AL scaffold performed best. Meanwhile, in vitro antibacterial experiments showed that the CNT/CS/AL scaffold had a certain bacteriostatic effect on P. gingivalis. When the concentration of CNT was more than 0.5%, the antimicrobial activity of composite scaffold was significantly promoted, and about 30% bacteria were inactivated. In conclusion, this 3D-printed CNT/CS/AL composite scaffold, with good material properties, biocompatibility and bacteriostatic activity, may be used for periodontal tissue regeneration, providing a new avenue for the treatment of periodontal disease.

Enhancing the Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Wound Healing Effects of Melaleuca alternifolia Oil by Microencapsulating It in Chitosan-Sodium Alginate Microspheres

“…SA exhibited amorphous crystalline peaked at 13.56° and 21.87°. Similarly, the study supported the characteristic peaks of sodium alginate found at 14° and 22° [ 41 ]. The crystalline peaks of CS were weak and shifted when prepared the CS-TTO NEMs which was due to the deformation of the hydrogen bond in the polymer.…”

Advances in antimicrobial hydrogels for dental tissue engineering: regenerative strategies for endodontics and periodontics

“…Most recently, composite antimicrobial hydrogels consisting of carbon nanotube, chitosan, and sodium alginate were developed for the treatment of periodontitis. 49 Their cytocompatibility was confirmed using human periodontal ligament cells. Also, these hydrogels exerted an antimicrobial action against Porphyromonas gingivalis .…”

“…Coming closer to the present, 3D-printed antimicrobial hydrogels have emerged in periodontics. 49 During the last few years, antimicrobial hydrogels have only been reviewed from a broad spectrum of applications. 50,51 The engineering of antimicrobial hydrogels exclusively for endodontics and periodontics has not been reported elsewhere.…”

Impact exerted by scaffolds and biomaterials in periodontal bone and tissue regeneration engineering: new challenges and perspectives for disease treatment

“…In addition, various growth agents can be coupled with 3D printed scaffolds to aid in the regeneration of periodontal tissues. In addition to the internal microstructure [84], 3D printing with layer-by-layer deposition enables the creation of a custom-designed scaffold in a shape and size that corresponds to the anatomic shape of each periodontal lesion [85]. Despite the limited number of publications to date, the use of 3D printing for periodontal regeneration looks to be on the rise.…”