The improvement of levofloxacin and tetracycline removal from simulated water by thermosensitive flocculant: Mechanisms and simulation

Reviewing Perovskite Oxide-Based Materials for the Effective Treatment of Antibiotic-Polluted Environments: Challenges, Trends, and New Insights

“…Fabrication of a flocculant based on a thermosensitive and cationic organic polymer was employed to remove antibiotics. The removal of levofloxacin and tetracycline using the developed flocculant was 68.71% and 66.83%, respectively [41].…”

Comb-Like Cationic Chitosan-Based Flocculant with Enhanced H-Bond Hydration for Effectively Treating Saline Colored Effluents with High Salinity

“…Flocculation exhibits remarkable advantages in the treatment of large-scale wastewater due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and applicability to both dissolved and insoluble pollutants. − However, recent research − has shown that commonly used flocculants such as inorganic flocculants like polyaluminum chloride and synthetic organic flocculants like polyacrylamide are toxic to human beings and the environment and have become a new source of secondary pollution due to leakage of metal ions and unreacted monomer residues during flocculant preparation and application. In contrast, natural biopolymer-derived flocculants such as chitosan (CS) offer an excellent solution to the aforementioned toxicity problem. − CS is one of the most abundant natural polymers with the advantages of environmentally friendliness, biodegradability, and high performance, and it has been widely explored for treating a wide variety of stimulated and real wastewater. − It possesses abundant amino and hydroxyl functional groups on its backbones, allowing it to be modified by various chemical reactions such as amidation, carboxymethylation, and quaternization. ,− Du et al fabricated a quaternized CS (QCS)-based aerogel with outstanding adsorption capacities, wide versatility, and excellent recyclability for organic dyes.…”

“…As a result, QCS flocculants adopt a highly compact configuration with a lower hydration level in saline solutions and thus greatly reduce effective interactions between active sites of flocculant chains and pollutants. , Therefore, to achieve good pollutant removal performance for high-salinity colored effluents, it is of great importance to develop a viable strategy that endows the prepared QCS-based flocculant with enhanced hydration in aqueous solution to provide abundant active sites to interact with more pollutant species. Recently, hydrogen-bond (H-bond) has been emerging as an effective strategy to enhance the hydration of QCS-derived flocculants. , By incorporating extra hydroxyl groups into QCS chains, the obtained QCS flocculant exhibited enhanced H-bond hydration behavior to resist the salting-out effect in saline solution and demonstrated promising flocculation performance to saline colored effluents. , Our previous research indicated that introducing catechol groups into QCS could exert the prepared catechol-grafted flocculant with multiple intermolecular interactions to efficiently treat suspended particles and refractory soluble organic pollutants in saline solution. However, most of these developed QCS flocculants were prepared by modifying reactive amino and hydroxyl functional groups on the CS skeleton and demanded delicate but troublesome tuning of the hydration ability and charge density to achieve good flocculation performance.…”